Fabrication and Characterization of Agarwood Extract-loaded Nanocapsules and Evaluation of Their Toxicity and Anti-inflammatory Activity on RAW 264.7 Cells and in Zebrafish Embryos

Overview

Journal Drug Deliv

Specialty Pharmacology

Date 2021 Dec 13

PMID 34894947

Citations 5

Authors

Manar A Eissa

Yumi Z H-Y Hashim

Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir

Yusilawati Ahmad Nor

Hamzah Mohd Salleh

Muhammad Lokman Md Isa

Saripah S S Abd-Azziz

Nor Malia Abd Warif

Eman Ramadan

Noha M Badawi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

has been traditionally used to treat several medical disorders including inflammation. However, the traditional claims of this plant as an anti-inflammatory agent has not been substantially evaluated using modern scientific techniques. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of leaf extract (ALEX-M) and potentiate its activity through nano-encapsulation. The extract-loaded nanocapsules were fabricated using water-in-oil-in-water () emulsion method and characterized via multiple techniques including DLS, TEM, FTIR, and TGA. The toxicity and the anti-inflammatory activity of ALEX-M and the extract-loaded nanocapsules (ALEX-M-PNCs) were evaluated in-vitro on RAW 264.7 macrophages and on zebrafish embryos. The nanocapsules demonstrated spherical shape with mean particle diameter of 167.13 ± 1.24 nm, narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.29 ± 0.01), and high encapsulation efficiency (87.36 ± 1.81%). ALEX-M demonstrated high viability at high concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish embryos, however, ALEX-M-PNCs showed relatively higher cytotoxicity. Both free and nanoencapsulated extract expressed anti-inflammatory effects through significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish embryos in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings highlight that ALEX-M can be recognized as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, and its anti-inflammatory activity can be potentiated by nano-encapsulation. Further studies are warranted toward investigation of the mechanistic and immunomodulatory roles of ALEX-M.

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