Radical Scavenging Actions and Immunomodulatory Activity of Propylene Glycol Extracts

Researchers are attracted to the wide-ranging, useful components in berries. They are searching for the most effective ways to extract the active substances that can enhance the body's protective properties. The current study presents detailed information about the extracts from fruits frozen and dried under mild conditions and their chemical composition. In Wistar rats with induced immunosuppression, the effect of chokeberry fruit extracts on the leukocyte formula, phagocytic activity, and cytokine system was studied. It was shown that the frozen fruit extract contains more anthocyanins, sugars, and ascorbic acid, and has a more pronounced antioxidant activity determined by the ability to bind APPH-radicals. Moreover, the extract showed membrane-protective and cytoprotective properties against RPMI-1788 cell line. The extract from dried raw material shows a higher antioxidant activity due to the ability to bind DPPH-radicals. It was revealed that extracts from fruits promote rapid immune system recovery in rats, normalize the leukocyte count, and improve monocyte and neutrophil phagocytic indicators. Research on the cytokine profile revealed that the anti-inflammatory properties in extracts were more pronounced in dried extracts. For several cytokines, a normalization of quantity was noted.