and in a Kenyan Maasai Adolescent Population and Inhibition of Leukotoxic Activity by Herbal Plants Used As Part of Oral Hygiene Procedures

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2021 Nov 27

PMID 34830683

Citations 3

Authors

Mark Lindholm

Rolf Claesson

Arthur Kemoli

Tonnie Mulli

Jan Oscarsson

Dorte Haubek

Anders Johansson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: A virulent genotype (JP2) of the periodonto-pathogen, (), is widespread in North and West Africa, while its presence in East Africa has not been thoroughly investigated. This JP2 genotype is associated with periodontitis in adolescents and has a high leukotoxicity. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of and its JP2 genotype, the prevalence of the oral, commensal in a Maasai adolescent population, and the effect of herbal plants for inhibition of leukotoxicity.

Methods: A total of 284 adolescents from Maasai Mara, Kenya, underwent an oral examination and microbial sampling. The presence of and was analyzed by quantitative PCR and cultivation (the 58 samples collected at the last day of field study). The collected strains were characterized and leukotoxin promoter typed. Additionally, herbal plants commonly used for oral hygiene were assessed for the inhibition of leukotoxicity.

Results And Conclusions: The prevalence of in stimulated whole saliva was high (71.8%), with the JP2 genotype detected in one individual, and in 99% of the sampled individuals. The commonly used herbal plant, , inactivated leukotoxicity. The virulence might be reduced through use of and the high levels of .

Citing Articles

Bacterial symbionts in oral niche use type VI secretion nanomachinery for fitness increase against pathobionts.

Oscarsson J, Bao K, Shiratsuchi A, Grossmann J, Wolski W, Aung K iScience. 2024; 27(5):109650.

PMID: 38650989 PMC: 11033201. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109650.

Carriage of the JP2 Genotype of by Periodontitis Patients of Various Geographic Origin, Living in Sweden.

Claesson R, Oscarsson J, Johansson A Pathogens. 2022; 11(11).

PMID: 36364984 PMC: 9697931. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111233.

Case Report: The First Case of Bloodstream Infection Complicated with Psoas Abscess and Pulmonary Infection Caused by in China.

Lu B, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Zhao F, Wang M, Pan X Infect Drug Resist. 2022; 15:5953-5957.

PMID: 36262594 PMC: 9574563. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S381360.

References

Elamin A, Ali R, Bakken V . Putative periodontopathic bacteria and herpes viruses interactions in the subgingival plaque of patients with aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2018; 3(5):183-190. PMC: 5839261. DOI: 10.1002/cre2.80. View

Kirakodu S, Govindaswami M, Novak M, Ebersole J, Novak K . Optimizing qPCR for the Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens in a Complex Plaque Biofilm. Open Dent J. 2008; 2:49-55. PMC: 2581537. DOI: 10.2174/1874210600802010049. View

Brogan J, Lally E, Poulsen K, Kilian M, Demuth D . Regulation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin expression: analysis of the promoter regions of leukotoxic and minimally leukotoxic strains. Infect Immun. 1994; 62(2):501-8. PMC: 186135. DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.2.501-508.1994. View

Mombelli A, Gmur R, Frey J, Meyer J, Zee K, Tam J . Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in young Chinese adults. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1999; 13(4):231-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1998.tb00701.x. View

Janardhanam S, Zunt S, Srinivasan M . Quality assessment of saliva bank samples. Biopreserv Biobank. 2014; 10(3):282-7. DOI: 10.1089/bio.2011.0039. View

Belstrom D, Holmstrup P, Bardow A, Kokaras A, Fiehn N, Paster B . Temporal Stability of the Salivary Microbiota in Oral Health. PLoS One. 2016; 11(1):e0147472. PMC: 4723053. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147472. View

Claesson R, Gudmundson J, Hoglund Aberg C, Haubek D, Johansson A . Detection of a 640-bp deletion in the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin promoter region in isolates from an adolescent of Ethiopian origin. J Oral Microbiol. 2015; 7:26974. PMC: 4400299. DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.26974. View

Hoglund Aberg C, Haubek D, Kwamin F, Johansson A, Claesson R . Leukotoxic activity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and periodontal attachment loss. PLoS One. 2014; 9(8):e104095. PMC: 4122431. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104095. View

Kemoli A, van Amerongen W, de Soet J . Antimicrobial and buffer capacity of crude extracts of chewing sticks (Miswaki) from Kenya. ASDC J Dent Child. 2001; 68(3):183-8, 152. View

10.

Bonaventura M, DeSalle R, Pop M, Nagarajan N, Figurski D, Fine D . Complete genome sequence of Aggregatibacter (Haemophilus) aphrophilus NJ8700. J Bacteriol. 2009; 191(14):4693-4. PMC: 2704734. DOI: 10.1128/JB.00447-09. View

11.

Timmerman M, Van der Weijden G, Armand S, Abbas F, Winkel E, van Winkelhoff A . Untreated periodontal disease in Indonesian adolescents. Clinical and microbiological baseline data. J Clin Periodontol. 1998; 25(3):215-24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02431.x. View

12.

Belstrom D, Holmstrup P, Bardow A, Kokaras A, Fiehn N, Paster B . Comparative analysis of bacterial profiles in unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples. J Oral Microbiol. 2016; 8:30112. PMC: 4796727. DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.30112. View

13.

Kelk P, Claesson R, Chen C, Sjostedt A, Johansson A . IL-1beta secretion induced by Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans is mainly caused by the leukotoxin. Int J Med Microbiol. 2007; 298(5-6):529-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.06.005. View

14.

Kononen E, Paju S, Pussinen P, Hyvonen M, Di Tella P, Suominen-Taipale L . Population-based study of salivary carriage of periodontal pathogens in adults. J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 45(8):2446-51. PMC: 1951210. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02560-06. View

15.

Slots J . Selective medium for isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Clin Microbiol. 1982; 15(4):606-9. PMC: 272154. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.15.4.606-609.1982. View

16.

Wagaiyu E, Wagaiyu C . Prevalence of juvenile periodontitis in national youth service trainees. East Afr Med J. 1992; 69(1):31-3. View

17.

Haubek D, Ennibi O, Poulsen K, Vaeth M, Poulsen S, Kilian M . Risk of aggressive periodontitis in adolescent carriers of the JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans in Morocco: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Lancet. 2008; 371(9608):237-42. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60135-X. View

18.

Nedergaard S, Kobel C, Nielsen M, Moller R, Jensen A, Norskov-Lauritsen N . Whole Genome Sequencing of Cultured from Blood Stream Infections Reveals Three Major Phylogenetic Groups Including a Novel Lineage Expressing Serotype a Membrane O Polysaccharide. Pathogens. 2019; 8(4). PMC: 6963875. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040256. View

19.

Konig M, Abusleme L, Reinholdt J, Palmer R, Teles R, Sampson K . Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med. 2016; 8(369):369ra176. PMC: 5384717. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaj1921. View

20.

Tempro P, Slots J . Selective medium for the isolation of Haemophilus aphrophilus from the human periodontium and other oral sites and the low proportion of the organism in the oral flora. J Clin Microbiol. 1986; 23(4):777-82. PMC: 362836. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.23.4.777-782.1986. View