Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms and Factors?

Overview

Journal Annu Rev Med

Publisher Annual Reviews

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2021 Nov 19

PMID 34794324

Citations 21

Authors

Richard E Lloyd

Manasi Tamhankar

Ake Lernmark

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.

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