A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Potential Role of Panax Ginseng on Exercise Performance

Overview

Journal Phys Act Nutr

Date 2021 Nov 3

PMID 34727686

Citations 2

Authors

Jisu Kim

Kang Pa Lee

Myoung-Ryu Kim

Bom Sahn Kim

Byung Seok Moon

Chul Ho Shin

Suji Baek

Bok Sil Hong

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: As Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) exhibits various physiological activities and is associated with exercise, we investigated the potential active components of ginseng and related target genes through network pharmacological analysis. Additionally, we analyzed the association between ginseng-related genes, such as the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and improved exercise capacity.

Methods: Active compounds in ginseng and the related target genes were searched in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Gene ontology functional analysis was performed to identify biological processes related to the collected genes, and a compound-target network was visualized using Cytoscape 3.7.2.

Results: A total of 21 ginseng active compounds were detected, and 110 targets regulated by 17 active substances were identified. We found that the active compound protein was involved in the biological process of adrenergic receptor activity in 80%, G-protein-coupled neurotransmitter in 10%, and leucocyte adhesion to arteries in 10%. Additionally, the biological response centered on adrenergic receptor activity showed a close relationship with G protein through the beta-1 adrenergic receptor gene reactivity.

Conclusion: According to bioavailability analysis, ginseng comprises 21 active compounds. Furthermore, we investigated the ginseng-stimulated gene activation using ontology analysis. GPCR, a gene upregulated by ginseng, is positively correlated to exercise. Therefore, if a study on this factor is conducted, it will provide useful basic data for improving exercise performance and health.

Citing Articles

Pharmacological systemic analysis of gardenia fructus against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and validation of animal models.

Lee K, Kim K, Yoon E, Baek S, Ahn S Phys Act Nutr. 2022; 26(1):39-45.

PMID: 35510444 PMC: 9081353. DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0006.

COVID-19 and : Targeting platelet aggregation, thrombosis and the coagulation pathway.

Lee Y, Quah Y, Shin J, Kwon H, Lee D, Han J J Ginseng Res. 2022; 46(2):175-182.

PMID: 35068944 PMC: 8767971. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.01.002.

References

Husted A, Trauelsen M, Rudenko O, Hjorth S, Schwartz T . GPCR-Mediated Signaling of Metabolites. Cell Metab. 2017; 25(4):777-796. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.008. View

Hwang H, Kim J, Lim K . The Effect of a 2-Week Red Ginseng Supplementation on Food Efficiency and Energy Metabolism in Mice. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6). PMC: 7352690. DOI: 10.3390/nu12061726. View

Kiefer D, Pantuso T . Panax ginseng. Am Fam Physician. 2003; 68(8):1539-42. View

Kim H, Cho J, Yoo S, Lee J, Han J, Lee N . Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e61271. PMC: 3629193. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061271. View

Aminifard T, Razavi B, Hosseinzadeh H . The effects of ginseng on the metabolic syndrome: An updated review. Food Sci Nutr. 2021; 9(9):5293-5311. PMC: 8441279. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2475. View

Biondo P, Robbins S, Walsh J, McCargar L, Harber V, Field C . A randomized controlled crossover trial of the effect of ginseng consumption on the immune response to moderate exercise in healthy sedentary men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008; 33(5):966-75. DOI: 10.1139/H08-080. View

Li Z, Ji G . Ginseng and obesity. J Ginseng Res. 2018; 42(1):1-8. PMC: 5766689. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.12.005. View

Arring N, Millstine D, Marks L, Nail L . Ginseng as a Treatment for Fatigue: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med. 2018; 24(7):624-633. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0361. View

Marshall C . MAP kinase kinase kinase, MAP kinase kinase and MAP kinase. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1994; 4(1):82-9. DOI: 10.1016/0959-437x(94)90095-7. View

10.

Huang C, Slusher A, Whitehurst M, Wells M, Mock J, Maharaj A . Acute aerobic exercise mediates G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in human PBMCs. Life Sci. 2015; 135:87-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.05.018. View

11.

Liu M, Liu F, Gao Y, Yin J, Yan W, Liu J . Pharmacological activities of ginsenoside Rg5 (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2021; 22(2):840. PMC: 8210315. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10272. View

12.

Kim S, Park K, Chang M, Sung J . Effects of Panax ginseng extract on exercise-induced oxidative stress. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005; 45(2):178-82. View

13.

Ru J, Li P, Wang J, Zhou W, Li B, Huang C . TCMSP: a database of systems pharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines. J Cheminform. 2014; 6:13. PMC: 4001360. DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-6-13. View

14.

Huang Y, Chen C, Chen S, Lai P, Liang H, Chang Y . A natural compound (ginsenoside Re) isolated from Panax ginseng as a novel angiogenic agent for tissue regeneration. Pharm Res. 2005; 22(4):636-46. DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-2500-3. View

15.

Balan E, Decottignies A, Deldicque L . Physical Activity and Nutrition: Two Promising Strategies for Telomere Maintenance?. Nutrients. 2018; 10(12). PMC: 6316700. DOI: 10.3390/nu10121942. View

16.

Ahmadian M, Dabidi Roshan V, Aslani E, Stannard S . Taurine supplementation has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects before and after incremental exercise in heart failure. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2017; 11(7):185-194. PMC: 5933646. DOI: 10.1177/1753944717711138. View

17.

Lu G, Liu Z, Wang X, Wang C . Recent Advances in C.A. Meyer as a Herb for Anti-Fatigue: An Effects and Mechanisms Review. Foods. 2021; 10(5). PMC: 8151278. DOI: 10.3390/foods10051030. View

18.

Yang Y, Li Y, Wang J, Sun K, Tao W, Wang Z . Systematic Investigation of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves for Treating Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases in an Animal Model. ACS Chem Biol. 2017; 12(5):1363-1372. DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00762. View

19.

Zhao B, Lv C, Lu J . Natural occurring polysaccharides from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer: A review of isolation, structures, and bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019; 133:324-336. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.229. View

20.

Jin T, Rong P, Liang H, Zhang P, Zheng G, Lin Y . Clinical and Preclinical Systematic Review of C. A. Mey and Its Compounds for Fatigue. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:1031. PMC: 7379339. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01031. View