Gestational Metformin Administration in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Studies

Aims: To evaluate metformin's effects on pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. All randomized controlled trials comparing metformin administration during pregnancy versus placebo or blank in PCOS women were selected. The primary outcomes were the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm delivery, and miscarriage. We combined data with the Review Manager. Bayesian meta-analysis was employed for further verification with the R software.

Results: Six randomized control trial studies involving 1229 participants were included. Metformin use was associated with reduced risk of preterm delivery (Risk ratios [RR], 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25-0.80; p, 0.007) and higher larger neonatal head circumference (Mean difference (MD), 0.47; 95% CI, 0.20-0.74; p, 0.0006] but had no effect on the incidence of GDM (RR 1.87; 95% CI, 0.58-1.87; p, 0.89), miscarriage (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.45-1.60; p, 0.62), pre-eclampsia (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.43-3.21; p, 0.75), neonatal length (MD, 0.33; 95% CI, -0.12-0.78; p, 0.15) and birthweight (MD, 73.78; 95% CI, -52.98-200.53; p, 0.17).

Conclusions: Metformin administration in PCOS pregnancies was associated with reduced preterm delivery risk and larger neonatal head circumference.