Red-Light-Mediated Photoredox Catalysis Enables Self-Reporting Nitric Oxide Release for Efficient Antibacterial Treatment

Nitric oxide (NO) serves as a key regulator of many physiological processes and as a potent therapeutic agent. The local delivery of NO is important to achieve target therapeutic outcomes due to the toxicity of NO at high concentrations. Although light stimulus represents a non-invasive tool with spatiotemporal precision to mediate NO release, many photoresponsive NO-releasing molecules can only respond to ultraviolet (UV) or near-UV visible light with low penetration and high phototoxicity. We report that coumarin-based NO donors with maximal absorbances at 328 nm can be activated under (deep) red-light (630 or 700 nm) irradiation in the presence of palladium(II) tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin, enabling stoichiometric and self-reporting NO release with a photolysis quantum yield of 8 % via photoredox catalysis. This NO-releasing platform with ciprofloxacin loading can eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in vitro and treat cutaneous abscesses in vivo.