The Use of CircRNAs As Biomarkers of Cancer

Overview

Journal Methods Mol Biol

Specialty Molecular Biology

Date 2021 Jun 23

PMID 34160816

Citations 11

Authors

Carla Sole

Gartze Mentxaka

Charles H Lawrie

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

CircRNAs are a subclass of lncRNAs that have been found to be abundantly present in a wide range of species, including humans. CircRNAs are generally produced by a noncanonical splicing event called backsplicing that is dependent on the canonical splicing machinery, giving rise to circRNAs classified into three main categories: exonic circRNA, circular intronic RNA, and exon-intron circular RNA. Notably, circRNAs possess functional importance and display their functions through different mechanisms of action including sponging miRNAs, or even being translated into functional proteins. In addition, circRNAs also have great potential as biomarkers, particularly in cancer, thanks to their high stability, tissue type and developmental stage specificity, and their presence in biological fluids, which make them promising candidates as noninvasive biomarkers. In this chapter, we describe the most commonly used techniques for the study of circRNAs as cancer biomarkers, including high-throughput techniques such as RNA-Seq and microarrays, and other methods to analyze the presence of specific circRNAs in patient samples.

Citing Articles

Circ-PITX1 promotes non-small-cell lung cancer progression through regulating ETS1 expression via miR-615-5p.

Guo Y, Pan J, Gao X, Zheng Y Thorac Cancer. 2024; 15(27):1946-1957.

PMID: 39138880 PMC: 11463087. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15414.

The novel circRNA circ_0045881 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion by targeting mir-214-3p in triple-negative breast cancer.

Ren J, Chen W, Zhou Y, Sun J, Jiang G BMC Cancer. 2024; 24(1):278.

PMID: 38429642 PMC: 10905830. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12007-0.

Circular RNAs: Biomarkers of cancer.

Cui J, Chen M, Zhang L, Huang S, Xiao F, Zou L Cancer Innov. 2023; 1(3):197-206.

PMID: 38089761 PMC: 10686110. DOI: 10.1002/cai2.28.

Novel_circ_003686 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in patients with myeloma bone disease through miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis.

Qiu L, Ma L, Chen D, Zhang N, Cai J, Zhang Q J Bone Oncol. 2023; 43:100509.

PMID: 38021072 PMC: 10654027. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100509.

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Circular RNA: Current Status and Future Directions.

Yehui L, Zhihong L, Fang T, Zixuan Z, Mengyuan Z, Zhifang Y Mol Biotechnol. 2023; 66(8):2064-2077.

PMID: 37587318 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00830-y.

References

Carninci P, Yasuda J, Hayashizaki Y . Multifaceted mammalian transcriptome. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2008; 20(3):274-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.03.008. View

Pertea M . The human transcriptome: an unfinished story. Genes (Basel). 2012; 3(3):344-60. PMC: 3422666. DOI: 10.3390/genes3030344. View

Palazzo A, Lee E . Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk?. Front Genet. 2015; 6:2. PMC: 4306305. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00002. View

Chen L, Yang L . Regulation of circRNA biogenesis. RNA Biol. 2015; 12(4):381-8. PMC: 4615371. DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1020271. View

Sanger H, KLOTZ G, Riesner D, Gross H, KLEINSCHMIDT A . Viroids are single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules existing as highly base-paired rod-like structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976; 73(11):3852-6. PMC: 431239. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3852. View

Kos A, Dijkema R, Arnberg A, van der Meide P, Schellekens H . The hepatitis delta (delta) virus possesses a circular RNA. Nature. 1986; 323(6088):558-60. DOI: 10.1038/323558a0. View

Surono A, Khanh T, Takeshima Y, Wada H, Yagi M, Takagi M . Chimeric RNA/ethylene-bridged nucleic acids promote dystrophin expression in myocytes of duchenne muscular dystrophy by inducing skipping of the nonsense mutation-encoding exon. Hum Gene Ther. 2004; 15(8):749-57. DOI: 10.1089/1043034041648444. View

Houseley J, Garcia-Casado Z, Pascual M, Paricio N, ODell K, Monckton D . Noncanonical RNAs from transcripts of the Drosophila muscleblind gene. J Hered. 2006; 97(3):253-60. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esj037. View

Wu W, Ji P, Zhao F . CircAtlas: an integrated resource of one million highly accurate circular RNAs from 1070 vertebrate transcriptomes. Genome Biol. 2020; 21(1):101. PMC: 7187532. DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02018-y. View

10.

Salzman J, Gawad C, Wang P, Lacayo N, Brown P . Circular RNAs are the predominant transcript isoform from hundreds of human genes in diverse cell types. PLoS One. 2012; 7(2):e30733. PMC: 3270023. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030733. View

11.

Jeck W, Sorrentino J, Wang K, Slevin M, Burd C, Liu J . Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats. RNA. 2012; 19(2):141-57. PMC: 3543092. DOI: 10.1261/rna.035667.112. View

12.

Rybak-Wolf A, Stottmeister C, Glazar P, Jens M, Pino N, Giusti S . Circular RNAs in the Mammalian Brain Are Highly Abundant, Conserved, and Dynamically Expressed. Mol Cell. 2015; 58(5):870-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.03.027. View

13.

Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, Torti F, Krueger J, Rybak A . Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature. 2013; 495(7441):333-8. DOI: 10.1038/nature11928. View

14.

Salzman J, Chen R, Olsen M, Wang P, Brown P . Cell-type specific features of circular RNA expression. PLoS Genet. 2013; 9(9):e1003777. PMC: 3764148. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003777. View

15.

Talhouarne G, Gall J . Lariat intronic RNAs in the cytoplasm of vertebrate cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018; 115(34):E7970-E7977. PMC: 6112733. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808816115. View

16.

Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen T, Xiang J, Yin Q, Xing Y . Circular intronic long noncoding RNAs. Mol Cell. 2013; 51(6):792-806. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.08.017. View

17.

Meng X, Li X, Zhang P, Wang J, Zhou Y, Chen M . Circular RNA: an emerging key player in RNA world. Brief Bioinform. 2016; 18(4):547-557. DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw045. View

18.

Jeck W, Sharpless N . Detecting and characterizing circular RNAs. Nat Biotechnol. 2014; 32(5):453-61. PMC: 4121655. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2890. View

19.

Li Z, Huang C, Bao C, Chen L, Lin M, Wang X . Exon-intron circular RNAs regulate transcription in the nucleus. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2015; 22(3):256-64. DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2959. View

20.

Huang C, Liang D, Tatomer D, Wilusz J . A length-dependent evolutionarily conserved pathway controls nuclear export of circular RNAs. Genes Dev. 2018; 32(9-10):639-644. PMC: 6004072. DOI: 10.1101/gad.314856.118. View