Characterisation of on Misshapen and Damaged Ovine Feet: A Longitudinal Study of Four UK Sheep Flocks

is the causal agent of ovine footrot, a contagious disease of welfare and economic concern worldwide. Damaged feet may be subclinical carriers of and covertly spread infection. Accordingly, we evaluated the risk of misshapen and damaged feet on presence and load in four commercial UK sheep flocks. Foot-level observations and swabs ( = 972) were collected from ewes ( = 85) over 12 months. On average, ewes were sampled three times. Feet were inspected for disease and scored (good/poor) for three hoof conformation traits (sole and heel, wall, and wall overgrowth). Swabs were analysed for presence and load of , and mixed models were constructed. Poor hoof conformation traits were present in 92.5% of foot-level observations. Feet with poor sole and heel conformation were more likely to have higher loads (β = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04-0.35) than those with good conformation. Furthermore, on feet positive for , wall overgrowth was associated with higher loads (β = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.01-0.52). Feet with aspects of poor conformation covertly harbour and are a source of infection. Flock management should be guided by hoof conformation to reduce disease challenge.