Nomogram for Predicting Preoperative Regional Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Patients with Metaplastic Breast Cancer: a SEER Population-based Study

Background: Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer, and generally associated with poor outcomes. Lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) is confirmed as a critical independent prognostic factor and determine the optimal treatment strategies in MBC patients. We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict the possibility of preoperative regional LNM in MBC patients.

Methods: MBC patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included and stochastically divided into a training set and validation set at a ratio of 7:3. The risk variables of regional LNM in the training set were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. And then we integrated those risk factors to construct the nomogram. The prediction nomogram was further verified in the verification set. The discrimination, calibration and clinical utility of the nomogram were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration plots and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively.

Results: A total of 2205 female MBC patients were included in the study. Among the 2205 patients, 24.8% (546/2205) had positive regional lymph nodes. The nomogram for predicting the risk of regional LNM contained predictors of grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status and tumor size, with AUC of 0.683 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.653-0.713) and 0.667 (95% CI: 0.621-0.712) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Calibration plots showed perfect agreement between actual and predicted regional LNM risks. At the same time, DCA of the nomogram demonstrated good clinical utilities.

Conclusions: The nomogram established in this study showed excellent prediction ability, and could be used to preoperatively estimate the regional LNM risk in MBC.