Electrolyzed Water Generated On-Site As a Promising Disinfectant in the Dental Office During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Overview

Journal Front Public Health

Specialty Public Health

Date 2021 May 17

PMID 33996714

Citations 4

Authors

Rafat Ibrahim Farah

Sanaa Najeh Al-Haj Ali

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Electrolyzed water is a safe, broad-spectrum bactericidal and viricidal agent, which can be used as a potent and effective alternative disinfectant in case of supply shortages. This report describes the on-site production of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (EW) from diluted salt solution and vinegar at a dental office using a portable EW generator unit. Such measures can ensure the safe continuity of important dental service provision for our patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (CoVID-19) pandemic.

Citing Articles

Electrolyzed Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) Aqueous Solution as Low-Impact and Eco-Friendly Agent for Floor Cleaning and Sanitation.

Gessi A, Formaglio P, Semeraro B, Summa D, Tamisari E, Tamburini E Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(18).

PMID: 37754572 PMC: 10530460. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186712.

Surface Inactivation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate with Hypochlorous Acid is Impacted by Surface Type, Contact Time, Inoculum Matrix, and Concentration.

Hamilton A, Chandran S, Baker C, Gibson K Food Environ Virol. 2023; 15(2):116-122.

PMID: 36680664 PMC: 9862229. DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09549-0.

The Lesson Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can an Active Chemical Be Effective, Safe, Harmless-for-Humans and Low-Cost at a Time? Evidence on Aerosolized Hypochlorous Acid.

Benedusi M, Tamburini E, Sicurella M, Summa D, Ferrara F, Marconi P Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(20).

PMID: 36293740 PMC: 9602504. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013163.

Inactivation Activities of Ozonated Water, Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Ethanol against SARS-CoV-2.

Takeda Y, Jamsransuren D, Makita Y, Kaneko A, Matsuda S, Ogawa H Molecules. 2021; 26(18).

PMID: 34576934 PMC: 8471879. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185465.

References

Hiebert J, Robson M . The Immediate and Delayed Post-Debridement Effects on Tissue Bacterial Wound Counts of Hypochlorous Acid Versus Saline Irrigation in Chronic Wounds. Eplasty. 2017; 16:e32. PMC: 5259692. View

Yan P, Daliri E, Oh D . New Clinical Applications of Electrolyzed Water: A Review. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(1). PMC: 7827692. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010136. View

Park H, Hung Y, Chung D . Effects of chlorine and pH on efficacy of electrolyzed water for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 91(1):13-8. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00334-9. View

Sarada B, Vijay R, Johnson R, Rao T, Padmanabham G . Fight Against COVID-19: ARCI's Technologies for Disinfection. Trans Indian Natl Acad Eng. 2024; 5(2):349-354. PMC: 7358699. DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00153-3. View

Mahmood A, Eqan M, Pervez S, Alghamdi H, Tabinda A, Yasar A . COVID-19 and frequent use of hand sanitizers; human health and environmental hazards by exposure pathways. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 742:140561. PMC: 7320712. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140561. View

Dewi F, Stanley R, Powell S, Burke C . Application of electrolysed oxidising water as a sanitiser to extend the shelf-life of seafood products: a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2017; 54(5):1321-1332. PMC: 5380643. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2577-9. View

Moorman E, Montazeri N, Jaykus L . Efficacy of Neutral Electrolyzed Water for Inactivation of Human Norovirus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017; 83(16). PMC: 5541222. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00653-17. View

Purohit A, Kopferschmitt-Kubler M, Moreau C, Popin E, Blaumeiser M, Pauli G . Quaternary ammonium compounds and occupational asthma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000; 73(6):423-7. DOI: 10.1007/s004200000162. View

Park G, Boston D, Kase J, Sampson M, Sobsey M . Evaluation of liquid- and fog-based application of Sterilox hypochlorous acid solution for surface inactivation of human norovirus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007; 73(14):4463-8. PMC: 1932820. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02839-06. View

10.

Tanaka N, Fujisawa T, Daimon T, Fujiwara K, Yamamoto M, Abe T . The effect of electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution on hemodialysis equipment. Artif Organs. 2000; 23(12):1055-62. DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.06224.x. View

11.

Rai N, Ashok A, Akondi B . Consequences of chemical impact of disinfectants: safe preventive measures against COVID-19. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2020; 50(6):513-520. DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1790499. View

12.

Hawkins C, Pattison D, Davies M . Hypochlorite-induced oxidation of amino acids, peptides and proteins. Amino Acids. 2003; 25(3-4):259-74. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-003-0016-x. View

13.

Kohno S, Kawata T, Kaku M, Fuita T, Tsutsui K, Ohtani J . Bactericidal effects of acidic electrolyzed water on the dental unit waterline. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2004; 57(2):52-4. View

14.

Takeda Y, Uchiumi H, Matsuda S, Ogawa H . Acidic electrolyzed water potently inactivates SARS-CoV-2 depending on the amount of free available chlorine contacting with the virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020; 530(1):1-3. PMC: 7359810. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.029. View

15.

McDonnell G, Russell A . Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999; 12(1):147-79. PMC: 88911. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.12.1.147. View

16.

Len S, Hung Y, Erickson M, Kim C . Ultraviolet spectrophotometric characterization and bactericidal properties of electrolyzed oxidizing water as influenced by amperage and pH. J Food Prot. 2000; 63(11):1534-7. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.11.1534. View

17.

Block M, Rowan B . Hypochlorous Acid: A Review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020; 78(9):1461-1466. PMC: 7315945. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.029. View

18.

Ayebah B, Hung Y, Frank J . Enhancing the bactericidal effect of electrolyzed water on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms formed on stainless steel. J Food Prot. 2005; 68(7):1375-80. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-68.7.1375. View

19.

Stroman D, Mintun K, Epstein A, Brimer C, Patel C, Branch J . Reduction in bacterial load using hypochlorous acid hygiene solution on ocular skin. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017; 11:707-714. PMC: 5402722. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S132851. View

20.

Hricova D, Stephan R, Zweifel C . Electrolyzed water and its application in the food industry. J Food Prot. 2008; 71(9):1934-47. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.9.1934. View