Health-related Quality of Life and Its Associated Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Overview

Journal SAGE Open Med

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2021 May 17

PMID 33996077

Citations 13

Authors

Forouzan Zare

Hosein Ameri

Farzan Madadizadeh

Mohammad Reza Aghaei

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Assessing the health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is important for evaluation of treatment outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its related factors in Yazd.

Methods: Data were gathered by using the EuroQoL-five-dimension-5 level instrument as well as using medical records of 734 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were referred to the largest governmental diabetes center in South of Iran, Yazd province. When appropriate, the Kruskal-Wallis test or the Wilcoxon test was used to test the difference in the health-related quality-of-life scores in each factor. Finally, the adjusted limited dependent variable mixture model was developed to investigate factors associated with health-related quality-of-life scores.

Results: The mean and median of the EuroQoL-five-dimension-5 level index values of 717 patients who completed the questionnaires were 0.75 ± 0.006 and 0.72 ± 0.20, respectively, and those of the Visual Analogue Scale scores were 69.25 ± 0.63 and 75 ± 30, respectively. The mean scores for health-related quality of life were significantly higher for employed, educated, single, and male patients, as well as patients without comorbidities, diabetes-related complications, and hemoglobin A1c level >7%. Adjusted limited dependent variable mixture model showed that gender, age, marital status, and diabetes-related complications are significant independent predictors of EuroQoL-five-dimension-5 level index value.

Conclusion: The mean scores for health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were moderate in this study, and this finding is consistent with health-related quality-of-life scores reported in other studies conducted in the Middle East region. Therefore, health-related quality of life should be the most important consideration in the management of patients. In parallel, some factors, especially gender, should be considered to improve health-related quality of life.

Citing Articles

Measuring the quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy in northern India: a comparison of generic and vision specific instruments.

Purohit N, Goyal A, Gupta V, Gupta P, Singh P, Prinja S Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2025; 23(1):17.

PMID: 39985016 PMC: 11846259. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-025-02340-8.

The mediating role of psychological capital in health behaviors among elderly nursing home residents.

Liao L, Li Y, Tian F, Wu J, Zhong J, He T Front Psychol. 2025; 16:1534124.

PMID: 39911995 PMC: 11794268. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1534124.

The association between health literacy and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

Al-Qerem W, Jarab A, Hammad A, Eberhardt J, Alasmari F, Alkaee S PLoS One. 2024; 19(10):e0312833.

PMID: 39480837 PMC: 11527217. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312833.

Depression, Anxiety, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Alwhaibi M J Clin Med. 2024; 13(20).

PMID: 39457978 PMC: 11508767. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13206028.

Health state utility values of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications: a systematic review and meta-regression.

Wang Y, Xu Y, Shan H, Pan H, Chen J, Yang J Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2024; 22(1):74.

PMID: 39244536 PMC: 11380328. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-024-02288-1.

References

Maroufizadeh S, Almasi-Hashiani A, Hosseini M, Sepidarkish M, Omani Samani R . Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Iran: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017; 10(5):782-789. PMC: 5437469. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.21. View

Longworth L, Yang Y, Young T, Mulhern B, Alava M, Mukuria C . Use of generic and condition-specific measures of health-related quality of life in NICE decision-making: a systematic review, statistical modelling and survey. Health Technol Assess. 2014; 18(9):1-224. PMC: 4780954. DOI: 10.3310/hta18090. View

Ameri H, Yousefi M, Yaseri M, Nahvijou A, Arab M, Akbari Sari A . Mapping the cancer-specific QLQ-C30 onto the generic EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D in colorectal cancer patients. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2018; 19(1):89-96. DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2018.1517046. View

Huang I, Frangakis C, Atkinson M, Willke R, Leite W, Vogel W . Addressing ceiling effects in health status measures: a comparison of techniques applied to measures for people with HIV disease. Health Serv Res. 2008; 43(1 Pt 1):327-39. PMC: 2323149. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00745.x. View

Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D . Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011; 20(10):1727-36. PMC: 3220807. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x. View

van Hout B, Janssen M, Feng Y, Kohlmann T, Busschbach J, Golicki D . Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value Health. 2012; 15(5):708-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2012.02.008. View

Mirzaei M, Rahmaninan M, Mirzaei M, Nadjarzadeh A, Dehghani Tafti A . Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes in Central Iran: results from Yazd health study. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):166. PMC: 6998152. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8267-y. View

Nguyen H, Moir M, Nguyen T, Vu A, Luong L, Nguyen T . Health-related quality of life in elderly diabetic outpatients in Vietnam. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018; 12:1347-1354. PMC: 6067618. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S162892. View

Ngo C, Phan P, Vu G, Pham Q, Nguyen L, Vu G . Effects of Different Comorbidities on Health-Related Quality of Life among Respiratory Patients in Vietnam. J Clin Med. 2019; 8(2). PMC: 6406871. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020214. View

10.

Lu Y, Wang N, Chen Y, Nie X, Li Q, Han B . Health-related quality of life in type-2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study in East China. BMC Endocr Disord. 2017; 17(1):38. PMC: 5501343. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0187-1. View

11.

Brazier J, Yang Y, Tsuchiya A, Rowen D . A review of studies mapping (or cross walking) non-preference based measures of health to generic preference-based measures. Eur J Health Econ. 2009; 11(2):215-25. DOI: 10.1007/s10198-009-0168-z. View

12.

Al-Aboudi I, Hassali M, Shafie A, Hassan A, Alrasheedy A . A cross-sectional assessment of health-related quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SAGE Open Med. 2016; 3:2050312115610129. PMC: 4679330. DOI: 10.1177/2050312115610129. View

13.

Abedini M, Bijari B, Miri Z, Shakhs Emampour F, Abbasi A . The quality of life of the patients with diabetes type 2 using EQ-5D-5 L in Birjand. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020; 18(1):18. PMC: 6990543. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-1277-8. View

14.

Gray L, Alava M, Wailoo A . Development of Methods for the Mapping of Utilities Using Mixture Models: Mapping the AQLQ-S to the EQ-5D-5L and the HUI3 in Patients with Asthma. Value Health. 2018; 21(6):748-757. PMC: 6026598. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.09.017. View

15.

Al-Maskari M, Al-Shookri A, Al-Adawi S, Lin K . Assessment of quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Oman. Saudi Med J. 2011; 32(12):1285-90. View

16.

Vu H, Nguyen L, Tran T, Pham K, Phan H, Nguyen H . Effects of Chronic Comorbidities on the Health-Related Quality of Life among Older Patients after Falls in Vietnamese Hospitals. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(19). PMC: 6801440. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193623. View

17.

Pham T, Nguyen T, Truong H, Trinh C, Du H, Ngo T . Effects of Diabetic Complications on Health-Related Quality of Life Impairment in Vietnamese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2020; 2020:4360804. PMC: 7003251. DOI: 10.1155/2020/4360804. View

18.

Basu A, Manca A . Regression estimators for generic health-related quality of life and quality-adjusted life years. Med Decis Making. 2011; 32(1):56-69. PMC: 4575808. DOI: 10.1177/0272989X11416988. View

19.

Tran B, Vu G, Nguyen L, Le Nguyen A, Tran T, Nguyen B . Cost-of-Illness and the Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients in the Dengue Fever Outbreak in Hanoi in 2017. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018; 15(6). PMC: 6025163. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061174. View

20.

Nguyen A, Nguyen L, Nguyen T, Nguyen H, Nguyen T, Pham H . Frailty Prevalence and Association with Health-Related Quality of Life Impairment among Rural Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Vietnam. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(20). PMC: 6843267. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203869. View