Standardizing Salivary Lactoferrin Measurements to Obtain a Robust Diagnostic Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

Overview

Journal Alzheimers Dement (Amst)

Date 2021 May 10

PMID 33969170

Citations 5

Authors

Fernando Bartolome

Gorka Orive

Eva Carro

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The search for new, robust, and reproducible biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is a challenge. We recently reported that salivary lactoferrin (Lf) could be presented as new biomarker candidate for AD, being both non-invasive and cost-effective, as well as having appropriate diagnostic performance for the clinical detection of AD subjects. Saliva is an attractive sample type for biomarker-based testing approaches for several other diseases; however, its composition may change under certain circumstances. It is therefore critical to maintain a consistent salivary handling protocol, considering possible extrinsic factors that may influence salivary Lf concentration. In this work, we analyzed salivary Lf concentration under different handling conditions and donor-dependent factors including age, inter-diurnal variations, physical activity, and pharmacological treatments. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of such conditions on salivary Lf concentration. In conclusion, we found that most of these extrinsic factors should be considered in the future when using Lf as a predictive biomarker for AD.

Citing Articles

Guidelines for the standardization of pre-analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group.

Ng T, Udeh-Momoh C, Lim M, Gleerup H, Leifert W, Ajalo C Alzheimers Dement. 2024; 21(2):e14420.

PMID: 39737743 PMC: 11848381. DOI: 10.1002/alz.14420.

Reduced Salivary Lactoferrin Levels in Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

Antequera D, Carrero L, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Cantero J, Orive G, Municio C Aging Dis. 2023; 15(3):945-947.

PMID: 37815910 PMC: 11081168. DOI: 10.14336/AD.2023.0819.

Obtaining a Reliable Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetes Mellitus by Standardizing Salivary Glucose Measurements.

Cui Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Lu J, He J, Liu L Biomolecules. 2022; 12(10).

PMID: 36291544 PMC: 9599863. DOI: 10.3390/biom12101335.

Lactoferrin as Immune-Enhancement Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Bartolome F, Rosa L, Valenti P, Lopera F, Hernandez-Gallego J, Cantero J Front Immunol. 2022; 13:878201.

PMID: 35547737 PMC: 9083828. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878201.

Salivary Lactoferrin Expression in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Antequera D, Moneo D, Carrero L, Bartolome F, Ferrer I, Proctor G Front Immunol. 2021; 12:749468.

PMID: 34659251 PMC: 8514982. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749468.

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