Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rescues B and T Cell Responses to Variants After First Vaccine Dose

Overview

Journal Science

Specialty Science

Date 2021 May 1

PMID 33931567

Citations 202

Authors

Catherine J Reynolds

Corinna Pade

Joseph M Gibbons

David K Butler

Ashley D Otter

Katia Menacho

Marianna Fontana

Angelique Smit

Jane E Sackville-West

Teresa Cutino-Moguel

Mala K Maini

Benjamin Chain

Mahdad Noursadeghi

Tim Brooks

Amanda Semper

Charlotte Manisty

Thomas A Treibel

James C Moon

Ana M Valdes

Aine McKnight

Daniel M Altmann

Rosemary Boyton

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout has coincided with the spread of variants of concern. We investigated if single dose vaccination, with or without prior infection, confers cross protective immunity to variants. We analyzed T and B cell responses after first dose vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in healthcare workers (HCW) followed longitudinally, with or without prior Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 infection. After one dose, individuals with prior infection showed enhanced T cell immunity, antibody secreting memory B cell response to spike and neutralizing antibodies effective against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. By comparison, HCW receiving one vaccine dose without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants. B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike mutations resulted in increased, abrogated or unchanged T cell responses depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. Single dose vaccination with BNT162b2 in the context of prior infection with a heterologous variant substantially enhances neutralizing antibody responses against variants.

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