The Role and Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gastric Cancer

Overview

Journal Mol Cancer

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Molecular Biology
Oncology

Date 2021 Apr 30

PMID 33926452

Citations 46

Authors

Hao Wu

Mengdi Fu

Jin Liu

Wei Chong

Zhen Fang

Fengying Du

Yang Liu

Liang Shang

Leping Li

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumour that affects humans worldwide, is highly malignant and has a poor prognosis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), especially exosomes, are nanoscale vesicles released by various cells that deliver bioactive molecules to recipient cells, affecting their biological characteristics, changing the tumour microenvironment and producing long-distance effects. In recent years, many studies have clarified the mechanisms by which sEVs function with regard to the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance of GC. These molecules can function as mediators of cell-cell communication in the tumour microenvironment and might affect the efficacy of immunotherapy. Due to their unique physiochemical characteristics, sEVs show potential as effective antitumour vaccines as well as drug carriers. In this review, we summarize the roles of sEVs in GC and highlight the clinical application prospects in the future.

Citing Articles

Integrated Single-Step Terahertz Metasensing for Simultaneous Detection Based on Exosomal Membrane Proteins Enables Pathological Typing of Gastric Cancer.

Jia Q, Ma Z, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zou G, Lan B Research (Wash D C). 2025; 8:0625.

PMID: 40066262 PMC: 11891340. DOI: 10.34133/research.0625.

Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges.

Li J, Wang J, Chen Z Mol Cancer. 2025; 24(1):13.

PMID: 39806451 PMC: 11727182. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02215-4.

Construction of ferroptosis and pyroptosis model to assess the prognosis of gastric cancer patients based on bioinformatics.

Shi H, Yao H, Zhou Y, Wu G, Li K, Tang L Transl Cancer Res. 2024; 13(11):5751-5770.

PMID: 39697712 PMC: 11651746. DOI: 10.21037/tcr-24-683.

Transcriptomics-Based Liquid Biopsy for Early Detection of Recurrence in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Ding P, Wu J, Wu H, Li T, Niu X, Yang P Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024; 11(47):e2406276.

PMID: 39556695 PMC: 11653671. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406276.

Identification of Vesicle-Mediated Transport-Related Genes for Predicting Prognosis, Immunotherapy Response, and Drug Screening in Cervical Cancer.

Lou S, Lv H, Zhang L Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024; 12(11):e70052.

PMID: 39513664 PMC: 11544644. DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70052.

References

Xu G, Zhang B, Ye J, Cao S, Shi J, Zhao Y . Exosomal miRNA-139 in cancer-associated fibroblasts inhibits gastric cancer progression by repressing MMP11 expression. Int J Biol Sci. 2019; 15(11):2320-2329. PMC: 6775321. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33750. View

Zhu M, Zhang N, He S, Lu X . Exosomal miR-106a derived from gastric cancer promotes peritoneal metastasis via direct regulation of Smad7. Cell Cycle. 2020; 19(10):1200-1221. PMC: 7217357. DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1749467. View

Gu J, Qian H, Shen L, Zhang X, Zhu W, Huang L . Gastric cancer exosomes trigger differentiation of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts through TGF-β/Smad pathway. PLoS One. 2013; 7(12):e52465. PMC: 3527492. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052465. View

Olejarz W, Dominiak A, Zolnierzak A, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Lorenc T . Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res. 2020; 2020:6272498. PMC: 7261328. DOI: 10.1155/2020/6272498. View

Li Z, Suo B, Long G, Gao Y, Song J, Zhang M . Exosomal miRNA-16-5p Derived From M1 Macrophages Enhances T Cell-Dependent Immune Response by Regulating PD-L1 in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020; 8:572689. PMC: 7734296. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572689. View

Mendt M, Kamerkar S, Sugimoto H, McAndrews K, Wu C, Gagea M . Generation and testing of clinical-grade exosomes for pancreatic cancer. JCI Insight. 2018; 3(8). PMC: 5931131. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99263. View

Cabeza L, Perazzoli G, Pena M, Cepero A, Luque C, Melguizo C . Cancer therapy based on extracellular vesicles as drug delivery vehicles. J Control Release. 2020; 327:296-315. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.018. View

Piao H, Guo S, Wang Y, Zhang J . Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNA CEBPA-AS1 Inhibits Tumor Apoptosis and Functions as a Non-Invasive Biomarker for Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 2020; 13:1365-1374. PMC: 7034294. DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S238706. View

Sun M, Xu B, Wu Q, Chen W, Cai S, Zhang H . Cisplatin-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells Promote the Chemoresistance of Cisplatin-Sensitive Cells via the Exosomal RPS3-Mediated PI3K-Akt-Cofilin-1 Signaling Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021; 9:618899. PMC: 7905060. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618899. View

10.

Hui C, Tian L, He X . Circular RNA circNHSL1 Contributes to Gastric Cancer Progression Through the miR-149-5p/YWHAZ Axis. Cancer Manag Res. 2020; 12:7117-7130. PMC: 7429192. DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S253152. View

11.

Yun J, Han S, Kim H, Go S, Lee W, Bae W . Exosomal miR-181b-5p Downregulation in Ascites Serves as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Gastric Cancer-associated Malignant Ascites. J Gastric Cancer. 2019; 19(3):301-314. PMC: 6769363. DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2019.19.e27. View

12.

Nolan J, Duggan E . Analysis of Individual Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol. 2017; 1678:79-92. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7346-0_5. View

13.

Li S, Zhang M, Zhang H, Hu K, Cai C, Wang J . Exosomal long noncoding RNA lnc-GNAQ-6:1 may serve as a diagnostic marker for gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta. 2019; 501:252-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.047. View

14.

Moller A, Lobb R . The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020; 20(12):697-709. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00299-w. View

15.

Liu X, Lu Y, Xu Y, Hou S, Huang J, Wang B . Exosomal transfer of miR-501 confers doxorubicin resistance and tumorigenesis via targeting of BLID in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 2019; 459:122-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.035. View

16.

Liu X, Chu K . Exosomal miRNAs as circulating biomarkers for prediction of development of haematogenous metastasis after surgery for stage II/III gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2020; 24(11):6220-6232. PMC: 7294143. DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15253. View

17.

Gould S, Booth A, Hildreth J . The Trojan exosome hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(19):10592-7. PMC: 196848. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1831413100. View

18.

Lin H, Zhang L, Zhang C, Liu P . Exosomal MiR-500a-3p promotes cisplatin resistance and stemness via negatively regulating FBXW7 in gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2020; 24(16):8930-8941. PMC: 7417713. DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15524. View

19.

Crescitelli R, Lasser C, Lotvall J . Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicle subpopulations from tissues. Nat Protoc. 2021; 16(3):1548-1580. DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00466-1. View

20.

Zhang H, Deng T, Liu R, Ning T, Yang H, Liu D . CAF secreted miR-522 suppresses ferroptosis and promotes acquired chemo-resistance in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer. 2020; 19(1):43. PMC: 7045485. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01168-8. View