Association of Daily Physical Activity with Psychosocial Aspects and Functional Capacity in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: a Cross-sectional Study

Pulmonary arterial hypertension impairs exercise tolerance and daily physical activity. Aside from the hemodynamic limitations, physical, cognitive, and emotional factors may play a relevant and as yet unexplored role. We investigated whether there is an association between the physical activity level and psychological disorders, health-related quality of life, and daily activities. We also searched for an association of the physical activity level with clinical factors and functional capacity. This was an analytical, cross-sectional, observational study conducted in a Brazilian University Hospital. Twenty stable pulmonary arterial hypertension subjects wore an accelerometer for a week and completed an activity diary. They answered the quality of life questionnaire (SF-36), as well as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and the Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living questionnaire. Transthoracic echocardiography, the six-minute walk test, the one-minute sit-to-stand test, and spirometry were performed. For statistical analysis, we used Chi-square tests or Fisher's test as appropriate and the Mann-Whitney test to compare numerical values between two groups. The relationship between the parameters was assessed using the Spearman correlation test. The mean age was 44.3 years, 80% were women, 80% had idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, and 20% had connective tissue disease. The mean daily step count was 4280 ± 2351, and the mean activity time was 41.6 ± 19.3 min. The distance covered (six-minute walk test) was 451.5 m, and the number of movements (one-minute sit-to-stand test) was 23.8. Thirty percent scored positive for anxiety, and 15% for depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale). There was a significant correlation between accelerometer data and walking distance (six-minute walk test), number of movements (one-minute sit-to-stand test), level of daily physical activity (Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living questionnaire), and depression symptoms. Our findings support the hypothesis that other aspects beyond physical and hemodynamic ones might impact the daily physical activity of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.