COVID-19 Transmission, Vulnerability, Persistence and Nanotherapy: a Review

Overview

Journal Environ Chem Lett

Specialty Chemistry

Date 2021 Apr 13

PMID 33846683

Citations 23

Authors

Afzal Husain Khan

Vineet Tirth

Manal Fawzy

Alaa El Din Mahmoud

Nadeem A Khan

Sirajuddin Ahmed

Syed Sadat Ali

Muhammad Akram

Leena Hameed

Saiful Islam

Gotam Das

Sharmili Roy

Mohammad Hadi Dehghani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

End 2019, the zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), named COVID-19 for coronavirus disease 2019, is the third adaptation of a contagious virus following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2002, SARS-CoV, and the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus in 2012, MERS-CoV. COVID-19 is highly infectious and virulent compared to previous outbreaks. We review sources, contagious routes, preventive measures, pandemic, outbreak, epidemiology of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 from 2002 to 2020 using a Medline search. We discuss the chronology of the three coronaviruses, the vulnerability of healthcare workers, coronaviruses on surface and in wastewater, diagnostics and cures, and measures to prevent spreading.

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