Action Levels for SARS-CoV-2 in Air: Preliminary Approach

Overview

Journal Risk Anal

Specialty Public Health

Date 2021 Apr 5

PMID 33818802

Citations 8

Authors

Charles N Haas

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Quantitative microbial risk assessment has been used to develop criteria for exposure to many microorganisms. In this article, the dose-response curve for Coronavirus 229E is used to develop preliminary risk-based exposure criteria for SARS-CoV-2 via the respiratory portals of entry.

Citing Articles

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Contracting COVID-19 Derived from Measured and Simulated Aerosol Particle Transmission in Aircraft Cabins.

Schijven J, van Veen T, Delmaar C, Kos J, Vermeulen L, Roosien R Environ Health Perspect. 2023; 131(8):87011.

PMID: 37589660 PMC: 10434022. DOI: 10.1289/EHP11495.

Zonal modeling of air distribution impact on the long-range airborne transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2.

Aganovic A, Cao G, Kurnitski J, Melikov A, Wargocki P Appl Math Model. 2022; 112:800-821.

PMID: 36060304 PMC: 9420246. DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2022.08.027.

Risk assessment of banknotes as a fomite of SARS-CoV-2 in cash payment transactions.

Schijven J, Wind M, Todt D, Howes J, Tamele B, Steinmann E Risk Anal. 2022; 43(4):700-708.

PMID: 35491413 PMC: 9347741. DOI: 10.1111/risa.13935.

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces and estimating infection risk in buildings and buses on a university campus.

Zhang X, Wu J, Smith L, Li X, Yancey O, Franzblau A J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2022; 32(5):751-758.

PMID: 35477766 PMC: 9045468. DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00442-9.

Estimating the impact of indoor relative humidity on SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission risk using a new modification of the Wells-Riley model.

Aganovic A, Bi Y, Cao G, Drangsholt F, Kurnitski J, Wargocki P Build Environ. 2021; 205:108278.

PMID: 34456454 PMC: 8380559. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108278.

References

Nazaroff W . Indoor bioaerosol dynamics. Indoor Air. 2014; 26(1):61-78. PMC: 7165847. DOI: 10.1111/ina.12174. View

Santarpia J, Rivera D, Herrera V, Morwitzer M, Creager H, Santarpia G . Aerosol and surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 observed in quarantine and isolation care. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):12732. PMC: 7391640. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69286-3. View

Soller J, Bartrand T, Ashbolt N, Ravenscroft J, Wade T . Estimating the primary etiologic agents in recreational freshwaters impacted by human sources of faecal contamination. Water Res. 2010; 44(16):4736-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.064. View

Lednicky J, Shankar S, Elbadry M, Gibson J, Alam M, Stephenson C . Collection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus from the Air of a Clinic Within a University Student Health Care Center and Analyses of the Viral Genomic Sequence. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 2021; 20(6):1167-1171. PMC: 7792982. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2020.02.0202. View

MacIntyre C, Wang Q . Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection for prevention of COVID-19. Lancet. 2020; 395(10242):1950-1951. PMC: 7263820. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31183-1. View

Arons M, Hatfield K, Reddy S, Kimball A, James A, Jacobs J . Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(22):2081-2090. PMC: 7200056. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2008457. View

Jones R . Relative contributions of transmission routes for COVID-19 among healthcare personnel providing patient care. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2020; 17(9):408-415. DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2020.1784427. View

Miller S, Nazaroff W, Jimenez J, Boerstra A, Buonanno G, Dancer S . Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event. Indoor Air. 2020; 31(2):314-323. PMC: 7537089. DOI: 10.1111/ina.12751. View

Chu D, Akl E, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, Schunemann H . Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2020; 395(10242):1973-1987. PMC: 7263814. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9. View

10.

Haas C . Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment and Molecular Biology: Paths to Integration. Environ Sci Technol. 2020; 54(14):8539-8546. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00664. View

11.

Prather K, Wang C, Schooley R . Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Science. 2020; 368(6498):1422-1424. DOI: 10.1126/science.abc6197. View

12.

Bradburne A, Bynoe M, Tyrrell D . Effects of a "new" human respiratory virus in volunteers. Br Med J. 1967; 3(5568):767-9. PMC: 1843247. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5568.767. View

13.

Morawska L, Tang J, Bahnfleth W, Bluyssen P, Boerstra A, Buonanno G . How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?. Environ Int. 2020; 142:105832. PMC: 7250761. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105832. View

14.

Fennelly K . Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: implications for infection control. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(9):914-924. PMC: 7380927. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30323-4. View

15.

van Kampen J, van de Vijver D, Fraaij P, Haagmans B, Lamers M, Okba N . Duration and key determinants of infectious virus shedding in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Nat Commun. 2021; 12(1):267. PMC: 7801729. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20568-4. View

16.

Watanabe T, Bartrand T, Weir M, Omura T, Haas C . Development of a dose-response model for SARS coronavirus. Risk Anal. 2010; 30(7):1129-38. PMC: 7169223. DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01427.x. View

17.

Milton D . A Rosetta Stone for Understanding Infectious Drops and Aerosols. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020; 9(4):413-415. PMC: 7495905. DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa079. View

18.

Azimi P, Keshavarz Z, Laurent J, Stephens B, Allen J . Mechanistic transmission modeling of COVID-19 on the cruise ship demonstrates the importance of aerosol transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021; 118(8). PMC: 7923347. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015482118. View

19.

Ip D, Lau L, Chan K, Fang V, Leung G, Peiris M . The Dynamic Relationship Between Clinical Symptomatology and Viral Shedding in Naturally Acquired Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Virus Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2015; 62(4):431-437. PMC: 4725380. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ909. View

20.

Haddrell A, Davies J, Reid J . Dynamics of Particle Size on Inhalation of Environmental Aerosol and Impact on Deposition Fraction. Environ Sci Technol. 2015; 49(24):14512-21. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01930. View