Diversity and Evolution of Carotenoid Biosynthesis from Prokaryotes to Plants

Overview

Journal Adv Exp Med Biol

Specialties Biology
General Medicine

Date 2021 Mar 30

PMID 33783732

Citations 1

Authors

Gerhard Sandmann

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Carotenoids exist in pro- and eukaryotic organisms, but not in animals (with one exception). Their biosynthesis evolved from a common ancestor of Archaea and Bacteria and via the latter by endosymbiosis to algae and plants. The formation of carotenoids in fungi can be regarded as a lineage from the archaea. This review highlights the distribution and evolution of carotenogenic pathways in taxonomic groups of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a special emphasis on the evolutionary aspects of prominent carotenogenic genes in relation to the assigned function of their corresponding enzymes. The latter aspect includes a focus on paralogs of gene families evolving novel functions and unrelated genes encoding enzymes with the same function.

Citing Articles

Bacterioruberin: Biosynthesis, Antioxidant Activity, and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer and Immune Pathologies.

Giani M, Pire C, Martinez-Espinosa R Mar Drugs. 2024; 22(4).

PMID: 38667784 PMC: 11051356. DOI: 10.3390/md22040167.

References

Albrecht M, Klein A, Hugueney P, Sandmann G, Kuntz M . Molecular cloning and functional expression in E. coli of a novel plant enzyme mediating zeta-carotene desaturation. FEBS Lett. 1995; 372(2-3):199-202. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00978-i. View

Armstrong G, Alberti M, Leach F, Hearst J . Nucleotide sequence, organization, and nature of the protein products of the carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Mol Gen Genet. 1989; 216(2-3):254-68. DOI: 10.1007/BF00334364. View

Blasco F, Kauffmann I, Schmid R . CYP175A1 from Thermus thermophilus HB27, the first beta-carotene hydroxylase of the P450 superfamily. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004; 64(5):671-4. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1529-7. View

Bouvier F, Hugueney P, dHarlingue A, Kuntz M, Camara B . Xanthophyll biosynthesis in chromoplasts: isolation and molecular cloning of an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of 5,6-epoxycarotenoid into ketocarotenoid. Plant J. 1994; 6(1):45-54. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.6010045.x. View

Bouvier F, Keller Y, dHarlingue A, Camara B . Xanthophyll biosynthesis: molecular and functional characterization of carotenoid hydroxylases from pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998; 1391(3):320-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0. View

Breitenbach J, Sandmann G . zeta-Carotene cis isomers as products and substrates in the plant poly-cis carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to lycopene. Planta. 2004; 220(5):785-93. DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1395-2. View

Breitenbach J, Fernandez-Gonzalez B, Vioque A, Sandmann G . A higher-plant type zeta-carotene desaturase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Plant Mol Biol. 1998; 36(5):725-32. DOI: 10.1023/a:1005997405431. View

Breitenbach J, Fraser P, Sandmann G . Carotenoid synthesis and phytoene synthase activity during mating of Blakeslea trispora. Phytochemistry. 2012; 76:40-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.017. View

Breitenbach J, Gerjets T, Sandmann G . Catalytic properties and reaction mechanism of the CrtO carotenoid ketolase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2012; 529(2):86-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.11.003. View

10.

Chamovitz D, PECKER I, Hirschberg J . The molecular basis of resistance to the herbicide norflurazon. Plant Mol Biol. 1991; 16(6):967-74. DOI: 10.1007/BF00016069. View

11.

Chen Q, Jiang J, Wang F . Molecular phylogenies and evolution of crt genes in algae. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2007; 27(2):77-91. DOI: 10.1080/07388550701334378. View

12.

Chen Y, Li F, Wurtzel E . Isolation and characterization of the Z-ISO gene encoding a missing component of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. Plant Physiol. 2010; 153(1):66-79. PMC: 2862425. DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.153916. View

13.

Cunningham Jr F, Gantt E . Elucidation of the pathway to astaxanthin in the flowers of Adonis aestivalis. Plant Cell. 2011; 23(8):3055-69. PMC: 3180810. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.086827. View

14.

Cunningham Jr F, Lee H, Gantt E . Carotenoid biosynthesis in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Eukaryot Cell. 2006; 6(3):533-45. PMC: 1828917. DOI: 10.1128/EC.00265-06. View

15.

Dambek M, Eilers U, Breitenbach J, Steiger S, Buchel C, Sandmann G . Biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and diadinoxanthin and function of initial pathway genes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Exp Bot. 2012; 63(15):5607-12. PMC: 3444273. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers211. View

16.

Eilers U, Dietzel L, Breitenbach J, Buchel C, Sandmann G . Identification of genes coding for functional zeaxanthin epoxidases in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Plant Physiol. 2016; 192:64-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.006. View

17.

Estrada A, Youssar L, Scherzinger D, Al-Babili S, Avalos J . The ylo-1 gene encodes an aldehyde dehydrogenase responsible for the last reaction in the Neurospora carotenoid pathway. Mol Microbiol. 2008; 69(5):1207-20. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06349.x. View

18.

Fernandez-Gonzalez B, Sandmann G, Vioque A . A new type of asymmetrically acting beta-carotene ketolase is required for the synthesis of echinenone in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem. 1997; 272(15):9728-33. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.15.9728. View

19.

Fraser P, Kiano J, Truesdale M, Schuch W, Bramley P . Phytoene synthase-2 enzyme activity in tomato does not contribute to carotenoid synthesis in ripening fruit. Plant Mol Biol. 1999; 40(4):687-98. DOI: 10.1023/a:1006256302570. View

20.

Frigaard N, Maresca J, Yunker C, Jones A, Bryant D . Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. J Bacteriol. 2004; 186(16):5210-20. PMC: 490927. DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.16.5210-5220.2004. View