Magnitude of Multidrug Resistance Among Bacterial Isolates from Surgical Site Infections in Two National Referral Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

Overview

Journal Int J Microbiol

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2021 Mar 17

PMID 33727929

Citations 2

Authors

Eyob Yohannes Garoy

Yacob Berhane Gebreab

Oliver Okoth Achila

Nobiel Tecklebrhan

Hermon Michael Tsegai

Alex Zecarias Hailu

Abrehet Marikos Buthuamlak

Tewelde Ghide Asfaga

Mohammed Elfatih Hamida

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of understanding the epidemiology of MDR organisms from a local standpoint. Here, we report on a spectrum of bacteria associated with surgical site infections in two referral hospitals in Eritrea and the associated antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

Methods: This survey was conducted between February and June 2017. A total of 83 patients receiving treatment for various surgical conditions were included. Swabs from infected surgical sites were collected using Levine technique and processed using standard microbiological procedures. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on Mueller-Hinton Agar by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: A total of 116 isolates were recovered from 83 patients. In total, 67 (58%) and 49 (42%) of the isolates were Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. The most common isolates included spp., spp., , spp spp., spp., and spp. In contrast, CONS, and were the predominant Gram-positive isolates. All the isolates were resistant to penicillin. MRSA phenotype was observed in 70% of the isolates. Vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 60%, 25%, and 25% of the isolates, respectively. Furthermore, a high proportion (91%) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin and 100% of the and isolates were resistant to >5 of the tested antibiotics. The two isolates were resistant to >7 antimicrobial agents. We also noted that 4 (60%) of the isolates were resistant to >5 antimicrobial agents. Possible pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains were also isolated.

Conclusion: Due to the high frequency of MDR isolates reported in this study, the development and implementation of suitable infection control policies and guidelines is imperative.

Citing Articles

Major blood stream infection-causing bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial resistance patterns and trends: a multisite retrospective study in Asmara, Eritrea (2014-2022).

Andemichael Y, Habtetsion E, Gulbet H, Eman M, Achila O, Mengistu S Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2025; 24(1):15.

PMID: 39984936 PMC: 11846260. DOI: 10.1186/s12941-025-00780-0.

Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial wound, skin, soft tissue and surgical site infections in Central, Eastern, Southern and Western Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Monk E, Jones T, Bongomin F, Kibone W, Nsubuga Y, Ssewante N PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024; 4(4):e0003077.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Patients with Vaginal Discharge: A 2019-2022 Analysis at the National Health Laboratory in Eritrea.

Hussein K, Tesfai B, Frezgi O, Hayelom H, Gebremeskel Y, Werede A Biomed Res Int. 2024; 2024:7193490.

PMID: 38577704 PMC: 10994703. DOI: 10.1155/2024/7193490.

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