Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Ethiopia: a Meta-analysis

Overview

Journal BMC Infect Dis

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2016 Nov 23

PMID 27871245

Citations 32

Authors

Setegn Eshetie

Fentahun Tarekegn

Feleke Moges

Anteneh Amsalu

Wubet Birhan

Kahsay Huruy

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern worldwide; however the overall epidemiology of multidrug resistant strains is neither coordinated nor harmonized, particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcos aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Ethiopia at large.

Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and lancet databases were searched and a total of 20 studies have been selected for meta-analysis. Six authors have independently extracts data on the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical analysis was achieved by using Open meta-analyst (version 3.13) and Comprehensive meta-analysis (version 3.3) softwares. The overall prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern were pooled by using the forest plot, table and figure with 95% CI.

Results: The pooled prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 32.5% (95% CI, 24.1 to 40.9%). Moreover, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin, with a pooled resistance ratio of 99.1, 98.1, 97.2 and 97.1%, respectively. On the other hand, comparably low levels of resistance ratio were noted to vancomycin, 5.3%.

Conclusion: The overall burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considerably high, besides these strains showed extreme resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. In principle, appropriate use of antibiotics, applying safety precautions are the key to reduce the spread of multidrug resistant strains, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in particular.

Citing Articles

Methicillin and vancomycin-resistant and associated risk factors among patients with wound infection in East Wallaga Zone, Western Ethiopia.

Abebe M, Alemkere G, Ayele G Infect Prev Pract. 2024; 6(4):100409.

PMID: 39583882 PMC: 11582734. DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100409.

Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) in Bovine Bulk Milk and Farm Workers in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems in Northwestern Ethiopia.

Kassa H, Belete M, Yihunie F, Bayu A, Demlie T, Tassew H Vet Med (Auckl). 2024; 15:71-80.

PMID: 38496263 PMC: 10942014. DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S454193.

Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant among Patients Diagnosed with Surgical Site Infection at Four Hospitals in Ethiopia.

Worku S, Abebe T, Seyoum B, Alemu A, Shimelash Y, Yimer M Antibiotics (Basel). 2023; 12(12).

PMID: 38136715 PMC: 10741212. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121681.

Multidrug-Resistant Strains Thrive in Dairy and Beef Production, Processing, and Supply Lines in Five Geographical Areas in Ethiopia.

Gizaw F, Kekeba T, Teshome F, Kebede M, Abreham T, Berhe H Vet Sci. 2023; 10(12).

PMID: 38133214 PMC: 10747641. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120663.

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Klebsiella isolated from various clinical samples in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gebremeskel L, Teklu T, Kasahun G, Tuem K BMC Infect Dis. 2023; 23(1):643.

PMID: 37784058 PMC: 10544621. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08633-x.

References

Dagnew M, Tiruneh M, Moges F, Tekeste Z . Survey of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and intestinal parasites among food handlers working at Gondar University, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12(1):837. PMC: 3515358. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-837. View

Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, Zaidi A, Wertheim H, Sumpradit N . Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013; 13(12):1057-98. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9. View

Vialle-Valentin C, Lecates R, Zhang F, Desta A, Ross-Degnan D . Predictors of antibiotic use in African communities: evidence from medicines household surveys in five countries. Trop Med Int Health. 2011; 17(2):211-22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02895.x. View

Hiramatsu K, Cui L, Kuroda M, Ito T . The emergence and evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Trends Microbiol. 2001; 9(10):486-93. DOI: 10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02175-8. View

Gebre-Sealsssie S . Antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical bacterial isolates in southwestern Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2008; 45(4):363-70. View

Tenover F . Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Am J Med. 2006; 119(6 Suppl 1):S3-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.011. View

Alebachew T, Yismaw G, Derabe A, Sisay Z . Staphylococcus aureus burn wound infection among patients attending yekatit 12 hospital burn unit, addis ababa, ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2012; 22(3):209-13. PMC: 3511900. View

DerSimonian R, Laird N . Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986; 7(3):177-88. DOI: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2. View

Kahsay A, Mihret A, Abebe T, Andualem T . Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with surgical site infection at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Arch Public Health. 2014; 72(1):16. PMC: 4063246. DOI: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-16. View

10.

Salgado C, Farr B, Calfee D . Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36(2):131-9. DOI: 10.1086/345436. View

11.

Fazel S, Khosla V, Doll H, Geddes J . The prevalence of mental disorders among the homeless in western countries: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. PLoS Med. 2008; 5(12):e225. PMC: 2592351. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050225. View

12.

Abdulgader S, Shittu A, Nicol M, Kaba M . Molecular epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Africa: a systematic review. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6:348. PMC: 4415431. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00348. View

13.

Rucker G, Schwarzer G, Carpenter J, Schumacher M . Undue reliance on I(2) in assessing heterogeneity may mislead. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008; 8:79. PMC: 2648991. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-8-79. View

14.

Barendregt J, Doi S, Lee Y, Norman R, Vos T . Meta-analysis of prevalence. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2013; 67(11):974-8. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203104. View

15.

Kejela T, Bacha K . Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among primary school children and prisoners in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2013; 12:11. PMC: 3699434. DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-11. View

16.

OBrien T . Emergence, spread, and environmental effect of antimicrobial resistance: how use of an antimicrobial anywhere can increase resistance to any antimicrobial anywhere else. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 34 Suppl 3:S78-84. DOI: 10.1086/340244. View

17.

Li S, Li J, Qiao Y, Ning X, Zeng T, Shen X . Prevalence and invasiveness of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2014; 57(3):418-22. DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.138737. View

18.

Endris M, Takele Y, Woldeyohannes D, Tiruneh M, Mohammed R, Moges F . Bacterial sepsis in patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Northwest Ethiopia. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:361058. PMC: 4033396. DOI: 10.1155/2014/361058. View

19.

Kesah C, Ben Redjeb S, Odugbemi T, Boye C, Dosso M, Ndinya Achola J . Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in eight African hospitals and Malta. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003; 9(2):153-6. DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00531.x. View

20.

Godebo G, Kibru G, Tassew H . Multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates in infected wounds at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2013; 12:17. PMC: 3724577. DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-17. View