Characterisation and Utilisation of Nano-reduced Starch from Underutilised Cereals for Delivery of Folic Acid Through Human GI Tract

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2021 Mar 2

PMID 33649366

Citations 8

Authors

Faiza Jhan

Asir Gani

Nairah Noor

Zanoor Ul Ashraf

Adil Gani

Asima Shah

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Ball milling offers green approach for size reduction of starch granules to nano scale size. In this research work, the starch from two underutilised cereal varieties viz. foxtail starch (FS) and sorghum starch (SS) were milled to achieve the desired nanometric range with mean particle diameter of 467.98 and 271.12 nm for nano foxtail (FSN) and nano sorghum starch (SSN), which were highly stable as revealed by zeta potential analysis. Functional attributes like solubility, swelling index, apparent amylose content, emulsifying and pasting properties were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly revealed damaged starch granules produed by the process of milling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) displayed decrease in crystallinity upon milling to 16.08% (SSN) and 18.56% (FSN) and disappearance of some peaks. Attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) also revealed reduced crystallinity as confirmed by the decreased absorbance ratio of 1047/1022 cm in nano starch particles. Rheological analysis displayed shear thinning behaviour of nano starch samples as evaluated using Herschel-bulkely model and Power law. The nano starch samples exhibited comparatively low thermal gelatinisation temperatures as compared to native counter particles. Moreover, the nano-encapsulated starch samples offered more resistance to in-vitro digestion and showed control release of folic acid at target sites.

Citing Articles

Exploring the influence of polysaccharide on gastrointestinal stability, drug release and formation mechanism of nanoparticles in Zhimu and Huangbai herb pair decoction.

Nie W, Zhang X, Kang P, Lan J, Li Z, Gu D Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):8293.

PMID: 40064967 PMC: 11894175. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82130-2.

Fabrication of millet starch nanocapsules loaded with beta carotene using acid hydrolysis and ultrasonication: Characterisation, release behaviour and bioactivity retention.

Nazir M, Jhan F, Gani A, Gani A Ultrason Sonochem. 2024; 111:107112.

PMID: 39447532 PMC: 11539498. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107112.

Characterization of Nano- and Microstructures of Native Potato Starch as Affected by Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatments.

Mojo-Quisani A, Licona-Pacco K, Choque-Quispe D, Calla-Florez M, Ligarda-Samanez C, Pumacahua-Ramos A Foods. 2024; 13(13).

PMID: 38998507 PMC: 11240970. DOI: 10.3390/foods13132001.

Self-Assembled Nanoparticles from Xie-Bai-San Decoction: Isolation, Characterization and Enhancing Oral Bioavailability.

Nie W, Liu Y, Lan J, Li T, He Y, Li Z Int J Nanomedicine. 2024; 19:3405-3421.

PMID: 38617795 PMC: 11012829. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S449268.

Upscaling of Apple By-Product by Utilising Apple Seed Protein as a Novel Wall Material for Encapsulation of Chlorogenic Acid as Model Bioactive Compound.

Gani A, Ashraf Z, Shah A, Naik A, Wani I, Gani A Foods. 2022; 11(22).

PMID: 36429294 PMC: 9689117. DOI: 10.3390/foods11223702.

References

Acevedo-Guevara L, Nieto-Suaza L, Sanchez L, Pinzon M, Villa C . Development of native and modified banana starch nanoparticles as vehicles for curcumin. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 111:498-504. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.063. View

Li N, Niu M, Zhang B, Zhao S, Xiong S, Xie F . Effects of concurrent ball milling and octenyl succinylation on structure and physicochemical properties of starch. Carbohydr Polym. 2016; 155:109-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.063. View

Dey A, Sit N . Modification of foxtail millet starch by combining physical, chemical and enzymatic methods. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016; 95:314-320. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.067. View

Dai L, Zhang J, Cheng F . Succeeded starch nanocrystals preparation combining heat-moisture treatment with acid hydrolysis. Food Chem. 2018; 278:350-356. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.018. View

Alborzi S, Lim L, Kakuda Y . Encapsulation of folic acid and its stability in sodium alginate-pectin-poly(ethylene oxide) electrospun fibres. J Microencapsul. 2012; 30(1):64-71. DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.696153. View

Ding Y, Zheng J, Xia X, Ren T, Kan J . Preparation and characterization of resistant starch type IV nanoparticles through ultrasonication and miniemulsion cross-linking. Carbohydr Polym. 2016; 141:151-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.008. View

Schafer B, Hecht M, Harting J, Nirschl H . Agglomeration and filtration of colloidal suspensions with DVLO interactions in simulation and experiment. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2010; 349(1):186-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.025. View

Baker H, Thomson A, Feingold S, Frank O . Role of the jejunum in the absorption of folic acid and its polyglutamates. Am J Clin Nutr. 1969; 22(2):124-32. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/22.2.124. View

Balasubramanian S, Sharma R, Kaur J, Bhardwaj N . Characterization of modified pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) starch. J Food Sci Technol. 2014; 51(2):294-300. PMC: 3907649. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0490-1. View

10.

Jhan F, Shah A, Gani A, Ahmad M, Noor N . Nano-reduction of starch from underutilised millets: Effect on structural, thermal, morphological and nutraceutical properties. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 159:1113-1121. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.020. View

11.

Ahmad M, Mudgil P, Gani A, Hamed F, Masoodi F, Maqsood S . Nano-encapsulation of catechin in starch nanoparticles: Characterization, release behavior and bioactivity retention during simulated in-vitro digestion. Food Chem. 2018; 270:95-104. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.024. View

12.

Hedayati S, Niakousari M, Mohsenpour Z . Production of tapioca starch nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation-sonication treatment. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019; 143:136-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.003. View

13.

Sun Q, Gong M, Li Y, Xiong L . Effect of dry heat treatment on the physicochemical properties and structure of proso millet flour and starch. Carbohydr Polym. 2014; 110:128-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.090. View

14.

Shah U, Gani A, Ashwar B, Shah A, Wani I, Masoodi F . Effect of infrared and microwave radiations on properties of Indian Horse Chestnut starch. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015; 84:166-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.020. View

15.

Surendra Babu A, Jagan Mohan R, Parimalavalli R . Effect of single and dual-modifications on stability and structural characteristics of foxtail millet starch. Food Chem. 2018; 271:457-465. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.197. View

16.

Zhu F . Encapsulation and delivery of food ingredients using starch based systems. Food Chem. 2017; 229:542-552. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.101. View

17.

He S, Qin Y, Walid E, Li L, Cui J, Ma Y . Effect of ball-milling on the physicochemical properties of maize starch. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2017; 3:54-59. PMC: 5466096. DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.06.004. View

18.

Gani A, Ashwar B, Akhter G, Gani A, Shah A, Masoodi F . Resistant starch from five Himalayan rice cultivars and Horse chestnut: Extraction method optimization and characterization. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):4097. PMC: 7058061. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60770-4. View

19.

Shah A, Masoodi F, Gani A, Ashwar B . In-vitro digestibility, rheology, structure, and functionality of RS3 from oat starch. Food Chem. 2016; 212:749-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.019. View