Detection of Norovirus Variant GII.4 Hong Kong in Asia and Europe, 2017-2019

Overview

Journal Emerg Infect Dis

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2020 Dec 22

PMID 33350912

Citations 19

Authors

Martin Chi-Wai Chan

Sunando Roy

Joseph Bonifacio

Lin-Yao Zhang

Preeti Chhabra

Jenny C M Chan

Cristina Celma

Mary Ann Igoy

Sin-Leung Lau

Kirran N Mohammad

Jan Vinje

Harry Vennema

Judith Breuer

Marion Koopmans

Miranda de Graaf

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We report a new norovirus GII.4 variant, GII.4 Hong Kong, with low-level circulation in 4 Eurasia countries since mid-2017. Amino acid substitutions in key residues on the virus capsid associated with the emergence of pandemic noroviruses suggest that GII.4 Hong Kong has the potential to become the next pandemic variant.

Citing Articles

Norovirus-associated diarrhea and asymptomatic infection in children aged under 4 years: a community-cohort study in the Philippines.

Yu C, Corpuz M, Bonifacio J, Kishi M, Imamura T, Sayama Y IJID Reg. 2025; 14:100549.

PMID: 39877416 PMC: 11773203. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100549.

Graphene-Based Virus Enrichment Protocol Increases the Detection Sensitivity of Human Norovirus in Strawberry and Oyster Samples.

Zhou S, Jin M, Yin J, Shi D, Li H, Gao Z Foods. 2024; 13(18).

PMID: 39335897 PMC: 11431745. DOI: 10.3390/foods13182967.

Antigenic Characterization of Novel Human Norovirus GII.4 Variants San Francisco 2017 and Hong Kong 2019.

Tohma K, Landivar M, Ford-Siltz L, Pilewski K, Kendra J, Niendorf S Emerg Infect Dis. 2024; 30(5):1026-1029.

PMID: 38666659 PMC: 11060466. DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231694.

Norovirus Epidemiology and Genotype Circulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil, 2019-2022.

Sarmento S, de Andrade J, Malta F, Fialho A, Mello M, Burlandy F Pathogens. 2024; 13(1).

PMID: 38276149 PMC: 10818385. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010003.

Predominance of Recombinant Norovirus Strains in Greece, 2016-2018.

Siafakas N, Anastassopoulou C, Lafazani M, Chronopoulou G, Rizos E, Pournaras S Microorganisms. 2023; 11(12).

PMID: 38138029 PMC: 10745620. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122885.

References

Jin M, Wu S, Kong X, Xie H, Fu J, He Y . Norovirus Outbreak Surveillance, China, 2016-2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26(3):437-445. PMC: 7045832. DOI: 10.3201/eid2603.191183. View

Parra G . Emergence of norovirus strains: A tale of two genes. Virus Evol. 2020; 5(2):vez048. PMC: 6875644. DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez048. View

Cannon J, Barclay L, Collins N, Wikswo M, Castro C, Magana L . Genetic and Epidemiologic Trends of Norovirus Outbreaks in the United States from 2013 to 2016 Demonstrated Emergence of Novel GII.4 Recombinant Viruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2017; 55(7):2208-2221. PMC: 5483924. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00455-17. View

Chhabra P, de Graaf M, Parra G, Chan M, Green K, Martella V . Updated classification of norovirus genogroups and genotypes. J Gen Virol. 2019; 100(10):1393-1406. PMC: 7011714. DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001318. View

Cates J, Vinje J, Parashar U, Hall A . Recent advances in human norovirus research and implications for candidate vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020; 19(6):539-548. PMC: 10760411. DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1777860. View

Tse E, Zhang L, Lau S, Chan M . Genome Sequence of a Human Norovirus GII.4 Hong Kong[P31] Variant in Hong Kong, China. Microbiol Resour Announc. 2020; 9(3). PMC: 6965582. DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01391-19. View

Trivedi T, Desai R, Hall A, Patel M, Parashar U, Lopman B . Clinical characteristics of norovirus-associated deaths: a systematic literature review. Am J Infect Control. 2012; 41(7):654-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.08.002. View

Ruis C, Lindesmith L, Mallory M, Brewer-Jensen P, Bryant J, Costantini V . Preadaptation of pandemic GII.4 noroviruses in unsampled virus reservoirs years before emergence. Virus Evol. 2020; 6(2):veaa067. PMC: 7751145. DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa067. View

Ahmed S, Hall A, Robinson A, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar U . Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014; 14(8):725-730. PMC: 8006533. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4. View

10.

Havelaar A, Kirk M, Torgerson P, Gibb H, Hald T, Lake R . World Health Organization Global Estimates and Regional Comparisons of the Burden of Foodborne Disease in 2010. PLoS Med. 2015; 12(12):e1001923. PMC: 4668832. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001923. View

11.

Kowalzik F, Riera-Montes M, Verstraeten T, Zepp F . The burden of norovirus disease in children in the European Union. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015; 34(3):229-34. PMC: 4338478. DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000546. View

12.

van Beek J, de Graaf M, Al-Hello H, Allen D, Ambert-Balay K, Botteldoorn N . Molecular surveillance of norovirus, 2005-16: an epidemiological analysis of data collected from the NoroNet network. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018; 18(5):545-553. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30059-8. View

13.

Zhou H, Wang S, von Seidlein L, Wang X . The epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis in China: disease burden and distribution of genotypes. Front Med. 2019; 14(1):1-7. PMC: 8320309. DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0733-5. View

14.

Allen D, Trainor E, Callaghan A, OBrien S, Cunliffe N, Iturriza-Gomara M . Early Detection of Epidemic GII-4 Norovirus Strains in UK and Malawi: Role of Surveillance of Sporadic Acute Gastroenteritis in Anticipating Global Epidemics. PLoS One. 2016; 11(4):e0146972. PMC: 4846118. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146972. View

15.

Tohma K, Lepore C, Gao Y, Ford-Siltz L, Parra G . Population Genomics of GII.4 Noroviruses Reveal Complex Diversification and New Antigenic Sites Involved in the Emergence of Pandemic Strains. mBio. 2019; 10(5). PMC: 6759766. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02202-19. View