Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin

Overview

Journal Endocr Rev

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2020 Dec 19

PMID 33340315

Citations 15

Authors

Arthur D Riggs

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In the mid- to late 1970s, recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid methods for cloning and expressing genes in E. coli were under intense development. The important question had become: Can humans design and chemically synthesize novel genes that function in bacteria? This question was answered in 1978 and in 1979 with the successful expression in E. coli of 2 mammalian hormones, first somatostatin and then human insulin. The successful production of human insulin in bacteria provided, for the first time, a practical, scalable source of human insulin and resulted in the approval, in 1982, of human insulin for the treatment of diabetics. In this short review, I give my personal view of how the making, cloning, and expressing of human insulin genes was accomplished by a team of scientists led by Keiichi Itakura, Herbert W. Boyer, and myself.

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