Weight Loss, but Not Dairy Composition of Diet, Moderately Affects Satiety and Postprandial Gut Hormone Patterns in Adults

Overview

Journal J Nutr

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2020 Nov 27

PMID 33245130

Citations 1

Authors

Sridevi Krishnan

Sean H Adams

Megan G Witbracht

Leslie R Woodhouse

Brian D Piccolo

Anthony P Thomas

Elaine C Souza

William F Horn

Erik R Gertz

Marta D Van Loan

Nancy L Keim

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Inclusion of dairy in diet patterns has been shown to have mixed effects on weight loss. A prevailing hypothesis is that dairy improves weight loss by influencing endocrine systems associated with satiety and food intake regulation.

Objectives: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss with or without adequate dietary dairy on subjective and objective appetitive measures.

Methods: Men and women who were habitual low dairy consumers (n = 65, 20-50 y) participated in a 12-wk randomized controlled feeding weight loss trial. During the 12-wk intervention, a low-dairy (<1 serving dairy/d) was compared with an adequate-dairy (3-4 servings dairy/d) diet, both with a 500-kcal deficit/d. Test days, before and at the end of the intervention, began with 2 fasting blood draws and visual analog scale (VAS) measures, followed by a standard breakfast (25% of prescribed restricted calories), 5 postbreakfast blood draws and VASs, a standard lunch (40% of restricted energy amount), and 12 postlunch blood draws and VASs. Blood samples were used for satiety hormone measurements. On a separate day when matching standard meals were consumed, an ad libitum buffet meal was provided as dinner, at a self-selected time. Meal duration and intermeal interval were recorded.

Results: Weight loss (-6.1 kg), irrespective of dairy, resulted in reduced fasting insulin (-20%) and leptin (-25%), and increased fasting acylated ghrelin (+25%) and VAS desire to eat (+18%) (P < 0.05). There were no effects of dairy on objective or subjective satiety measures. Weight loss marginally reduced the intermeal interval (289 min compared with 276 min, P = 0.059) between lunch and the ad libitum buffet.

Conclusions: These results do not support the hypothesis that inclusion of dairy in long-term dietary patterns influences appetite during weight loss. Weight loss per se has a modest impact on select systems that regulate hunger and satiety.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00858312.

Citing Articles

Fasting appetite-related gut hormone responses after weight loss induced by calorie restriction, exercise, or both in people with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis.

Jin Z, Li J, Thackray A, Shen T, Deighton K, King J Int J Obes (Lond). 2025; .

PMID: 39929932 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-025-01726-4.

Satiety Associated with Calorie Restriction and Time-Restricted Feeding: Peripheral Hormones.

Tacad D, Tovar A, Richardson C, Horn W, Krishnan G, Keim N Adv Nutr. 2022; 13(3):792-820.

PMID: 35191467 PMC: 9156388. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac014.

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