Emerging Role of Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis

Overview

Journal Onco Targets Ther

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Specialty Oncology

Date 2020 Nov 23

PMID 33223838

Citations 20

Authors

Xianzhe Yu

Lingling Zhu

Jiewei Liu

Ming Xie

Jiang Chen

Jianguo Li

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in the world and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with the liver as the most common site of distant metastasis. The prognosis of CRC with liver metastasis is poor, and most patients cannot undergo surgery. In addition, conventional antitumor approaches such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgery result in unsatisfactory outcomes. In recent years, immunotherapy has shown good prospects in the treatment of assorted tumors by enhancing the host's antitumor immune function, and it may become a new effective treatment for liver metastasis of CRC. However, challenges remain in applying immunotherapy to CRC with liver metastasis. This review examines how the microenvironment and immunosuppressive landscape of the liver favor tumor progression. It also highlights the latest research advances in immunotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis and identifies immunotherapy as a treatment regimen with a promising future in clinical applications.

Citing Articles

CITRINO: phase 1 dose escalation study of anti-LAG-3 antibody encelimab alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 dostarlimab in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumours.

Hecht J, Michot J, Bajor D, Patnaik A, Chung K, Wang J BJC Rep. 2025; 3(1):10.

PMID: 40016550 PMC: 11868598. DOI: 10.1038/s44276-024-00118-x.

Efficiency and safety of Buzhong Tiaogan granule for treating the colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Hao S, Zhou Y, Li X, Zhong Q, Liu L, Gao Y Front Med (Lausanne). 2024; 11:1465280.

PMID: 39618820 PMC: 11604409. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1465280.

Novel regimens and treatment strategies in neoadjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer: A systematic review.

Al-Khazraji Y, Muzammil M, Javid S, Tangella A, Gohil N, Saifullah H Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2024; 18(5):43-58.

PMID: 39282125 PMC: 11393386.

Radiomics and machine learning analysis of liver magnetic resonance imaging for prediction and early detection of tumor response in colorectal liver metastases.

Yoon S, Kim Y, Jeon J, Ahn S, Choi S Korean J Clin Oncol. 2024; 20(1):27-35.

PMID: 38988016 PMC: 11261177. DOI: 10.14216/kjco.24005.

LINC02257 regulates colorectal cancer liver metastases through JNK pathway.

Wu X, Chen X, Liu X, Jin B, Zhang Y, Wang Y Heliyon. 2024; 10(10):e30841.

PMID: 38826728 PMC: 11141284. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30841.

References

Osumi H, Shinozaki E, Yamaguchi K, Zembutsu H . Clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA for colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci. 2019; 110(4):1148-1155. PMC: 6447957. DOI: 10.1111/cas.13972. View

Zhou R, Zeng D, Zhang J, Sun H, Wu J, Li N . A robust panel based on tumour microenvironment genes for prognostic prediction and tailoring therapies in stage I-III colon cancer. EBioMedicine. 2019; 42:420-430. PMC: 6491960. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.043. View

Fukumura D, Kloepper J, Amoozgar Z, Duda D, Jain R . Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018; 15(5):325-340. PMC: 5921900. DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2018.29. View

Desrichard A, Snyder A, Chan T . Cancer Neoantigens and Applications for Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2015; 22(4):807-12. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-3175. View

Bird N, Mangnall D, Majeed A . Biology of colorectal liver metastases: A review. J Surg Oncol. 2006; 94(1):68-80. DOI: 10.1002/jso.20558. View

Fu Y, Liu S, Zeng S, Shen H . From bench to bed: the tumor immune microenvironment and current immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019; 38(1):396. PMC: 6734524. DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1396-4. View

Burr M, Sparbier C, Chan K, Chan Y, Kersbergen A, Lam E . An Evolutionarily Conserved Function of Polycomb Silences the MHC Class I Antigen Presentation Pathway and Enables Immune Evasion in Cancer. Cancer Cell. 2019; 36(4):385-401.e8. PMC: 6876280. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.08.008. View

Xiao L, Cen D, Gan H, Sun Y, Huang N, Xiong H . Adoptive Transfer of NKG2D CAR mRNA-Engineered Natural Killer Cells in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Mol Ther. 2019; 27(6):1114-1125. PMC: 6554529. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.011. View

Zhang C, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wang M, Li S, Li Y . Phase I Escalating-Dose Trial of CAR-T Therapy Targeting CEA Metastatic Colorectal Cancers. Mol Ther. 2017; 25(5):1248-1258. PMC: 5417843. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.010. View

10.

Khazali A, Clark A, Wells A . A Pathway to Personalizing Therapy for Metastases Using Liver-on-a-Chip Platforms. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2017; 13(3):364-380. PMC: 5484059. DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9735-3. View

11.

Zarour L, Anand S, Billingsley K, Bisson W, Cercek A, Clarke M . Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: Evolving Paradigms and Future Directions. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 3(2):163-173. PMC: 5331831. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.01.006. View

12.

Toor S, Murshed K, Al-Dhaheri M, Khawar M, Nada M, Elkord E . Immune Checkpoints in Circulating and Tumor-Infiltrating CD4 T Cell Subsets in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Immunol. 2020; 10:2936. PMC: 6928042. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02936. View

13.

Wang C, Park J, Ouyang C, Longmate J, Tajon M, Chao J . A Pilot Feasibility Study of Yttrium-90 Liver Radioembolization Followed by Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in Patients with Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Oncologist. 2019; 25(5):382-e776. PMC: 7216435. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0924. View

14.

Medina-Echeverz J, Eggert T, Han M, Greten T . Hepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2015; 64(8):931-40. PMC: 6309820. DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1736-y. View

15.

Kuai W, Xu X, Yan J, Zhao W, Li Y, Wang B . Prognostic Impact of PD-1 and Tim-3 Expression in Tumor Tissue in Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2020; 2020:5294043. PMC: 7244975. DOI: 10.1155/2020/5294043. View

16.

Yu S, Yi M, Qin S, Wu K . Next generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells: safety strategies to overcome toxicity. Mol Cancer. 2019; 18(1):125. PMC: 6701025. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1057-4. View

17.

Shiraha H, Iwamuro M, Okada H . Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Tumor. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020; 1234:43-56. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_4. View

18.

Kim J, Kim S, Baek J, Cha Y, Ahn J, Kim H . A Phase II Study of Avelumab Monotherapy in Patients with Mismatch Repair-Deficient/Microsatellite Instability-High or POLE-Mutated Metastatic or Unresectable Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res Treat. 2020; 52(4):1135-1144. PMC: 7577804. DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.218. View

19.

Van den Eynde M, Mlecnik B, Bindea G, Fredriksen T, Church S, Lafontaine L . The Link between the Multiverse of Immune Microenvironments in Metastases and the Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancer Cell. 2018; 34(6):1012-1026.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.003. View

20.

Reha J, Katz S . Regional immunotherapy for liver and peritoneal metastases. J Surg Oncol. 2017; 116(1):46-54. DOI: 10.1002/jso.24641. View