NeoR, a Near-infrared Absorbing Rhodopsin

Overview

Journal Nat Commun

Specialty Biology

Date 2020 Nov 11

PMID 33173168

Citations 32

Authors

Matthias Broser

Anika Spreen

Patrick E Konold

Enrico Schiewer

Suliman Adam

Veniamin Borin

Igor Schapiro

Reinhard Seifert

John T M Kennis

Yinth Andrea Bernal Sierra

Peter Hegemann

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The Rhizoclosmatium globosum genome encodes three rhodopsin-guanylyl cyclases (RGCs), which are predicted to facilitate visual orientation of the fungal zoospores. Here, we show that RGC1 and RGC2 function as light-activated cyclases only upon heterodimerization with RGC3 (NeoR). RGC1/2 utilize conventional green or blue-light-sensitive rhodopsins (λ = 550 and 480 nm, respectively), with short-lived signaling states, responsible for light-activation of the enzyme. The bistable NeoR is photoswitchable between a near-infrared-sensitive (NIR, λ = 690 nm) highly fluorescent state (Q = 0.2) and a UV-sensitive non-fluorescent state, thereby modulating the activity by NIR pre-illumination. No other rhodopsin has been reported so far to be functional as a heterooligomer, or as having such a long wavelength absorption or high fluorescence yield. Site-specific mutagenesis and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations support the idea that the unusual photochemical properties result from the rigidity of the retinal chromophore and a unique counterion triad composed of two glutamic and one aspartic acids. These findings substantially expand our understanding of the natural potential and limitations of spectral tuning in rhodopsin photoreceptors.

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