Full Range of Population Eliciting Dose Values for 14 Priority Allergenic Foods and Recommendations for Use in Risk Characterization

Overview

Journal Food Chem Toxicol

Specialties Nutritional Sciences
Toxicology

Date 2020 Nov 9

PMID 33166672

Citations 29

Authors

Geert F Houben

Joseph L Baumert

W Marty Blom

Astrid G Kruizinga

Marie Y Meima

Benjamin C Remington

Matthew W Wheeler

Joost Westerhout

Steve L Taylor

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Previously, we published selected Eliciting Dose (ED) values (i.e. ED01 and ED05 values) for 14 allergenic foods, predicted to elicit objective allergic symptoms in 1% and 5%, respectively, of the allergic population (Remington et al., 2020). These ED01 and ED05 values were specifically presented and discussed in the context of establishing Reference Doses for allergen management and the calculation of Action Levels for Precautionary Allergen Labeling (PAL). In the current paper, we publish the full range of ED values for these allergenic foods and provide recommendations for their use, specifically in the context of characterizing risks of concentrations of (unintended) allergenic proteins in food products. The data provided in this publication give risk assessors access to full population ED distribution information for 14 priority allergenic foods, based on the largest threshold database worldwide. The ED distributions were established using broad international consensus regarding suitable datapoints and methods for establishing individual patient's NOAELs and LOAELs and state of the art statistical modelling. Access to these ED data enables risk assessors to use this information for state-of-the-art food allergen risk assessment. This paper contributes to a harmonization of food allergen risk assessment and risk management and PAL practices.

Citing Articles

Scalable electrochemical system for rapid on-site detection of food allergens.

Cho Y, Choi Y, Kim S, Kim H, Chow K, Shin I Biosens Bioelectron. 2025; 273:117142.

PMID: 39832405 PMC: 11788024. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2025.117142.

The baked side: Cow's milk and egg protein threshold dose distributions in children reacting to baked milk and baked egg.

Valluzzi R, Riccardi C, Urbani S, Ursi D, Zavettieri D, Di Girolamo F World Allergy Organ J. 2025; 18(1):101012.

PMID: 39791114 PMC: 11714411. DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.101012.

Identifying thresholds of reaction for different foods.

Lieberman J J Food Allergy. 2024; 6(1):21-25.

PMID: 39257602 PMC: 11382767. DOI: 10.2500/jfa.2024.6.240006.

Simulated use of thresholds for precautionary allergen labeling: Impact on prevalence and risk.

Lizee K, Dominguez S, Theolier J, La Vieille S, Godefroy S Heliyon. 2024; 10(13):e33316.

PMID: 39035549 PMC: 11259825. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33316.

Egg protein exposure estimation in risk assessment for Japanese food allergy labeling.

Akiyama H, Suzuki Y, Adachi R, Kadokura M, Takei A, Tomiki M Heliyon. 2024; 10(13):e33545.

PMID: 39035498 PMC: 11259865. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33545.

References

Blom W, Kruizinga A, Rubingh C, Remington B, Crevel R, Houben G . Assessing food allergy risks from residual peanut protein in highly refined vegetable oil. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017; 106(Pt A):306-313. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.072. View

Taylor S, Crevel R, Sheffield D, Kabourek J, Baumert J . Threshold dose for peanut: risk characterization based upon published results from challenges of peanut-allergic individuals. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47(6):1198-204. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.011. View

Houben G, Burney P, Chan C, Crevel R, Dubois A, Faludi R . Prioritisation of allergenic foods with respect to public health relevance: Report from an ILSI Europe Food Allergy Task Force Expert Group. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016; 89:8-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.028. View

Birot S, Madsen C, Kruizinga A, Crepet A, Christensen T, Brockhoff P . Food groups for allergen risk assessment: Combining food consumption data from different countries in Europe. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018; 118:371-381. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.042. View

Madsen C, van den Dungen M, Cochrane S, Houben G, Knibb R, Knulst A . Can we define a level of protection for allergic consumers that everyone can accept?. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020; 117:104751. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104751. View

Murphy C, Gardoni P . The acceptability and the tolerability of societal risks: a capabilities-based approach. Sci Eng Ethics. 2007; 14(1):77-92. DOI: 10.1007/s11948-007-9031-8. View

Crevel R, Baumert J, Baka A, Houben G, Knulst A, Kruizinga A . Development and evolution of risk assessment for food allergens. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014; 67:262-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.032. View

Madsen C, Hattersley S, Buck J, Gendel S, Houben G, Hourihane J . Approaches to risk assessment in food allergy: report from a workshop ''developing a framework for assessing the risk from allergenic foods". Food Chem Toxicol. 2008; 47(2):480-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.001. View

Blom W, Michelsen-Huisman A, van Os-Medendorp H, van Duijn G, de Zeeuw-Brouwer M, Versluis A . Accidental food allergy reactions: Products and undeclared ingredients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018; 142(3):865-875. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.041. View

10.

Hardy A, Benford D, Halldorsson T, Jeger M, Knutsen K, More S . Update: use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment. EFSA J. 2020; 15(1):e04658. PMC: 7009819. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4658. View

11.

OB Hourihane J, Allen K, Shreffler W, DunnGalvin G, Nordlee J, Zurzolo G . Peanut Allergen Threshold Study (PATS): Novel single-dose oral food challenge study to validate eliciting doses in children with peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 139(5):1583-1590. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.030. View

12.

Blom W, Remington B, Baumert J, Bucchini L, Crepet A, Crevel R . Sensitivity analysis to derive a food consumption point estimate for deterministic food allergy risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019; 125:413-421. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.025. View

13.

Waiblinger H, Schulze G . Action Levels for Food Allergens: An Approach for Official Food Control in Germany. J AOAC Int. 2017; 101(1):17-22. DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.17-0383. View

14.

Wheeler M, Westerhout J, Baumert J, Remington B . Bayesian Stacked Parametric Survival with Frailty Components and Interval-Censored Failure Times: An Application to Food Allergy Risk. Risk Anal. 2020; 41(1):56-66. PMC: 7894991. DOI: 10.1111/risa.13585. View

15.

Kruizinga A, Briggs D, Crevel R, Knulst A, C van den Bosch L, Houben G . Probabilistic risk assessment model for allergens in food: sensitivity analysis of the minimum eliciting dose and food consumption. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008; 46(5):1437-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.109. View

16.

Westerhout J, Baumert J, Blom W, Allen K, Ballmer-Weber B, Crevel R . Deriving individual threshold doses from clinical food challenge data for population risk assessment of food allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019; 144(5):1290-1309. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.046. View

17.

Allen K, Remington B, Baumert J, Crevel R, Houben G, Brooke-Taylor S . Allergen reference doses for precautionary labeling (VITAL 2.0): clinical implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 133(1):156-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.042. View

18.

Taylor S, Baumert J, Kruizinga A, Remington B, Crevel R, Brooke-Taylor S . Establishment of Reference Doses for residues of allergenic foods: report of the VITAL Expert Panel. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013; 63:9-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.032. View

19.

Spanjersberg M, Knulst A, Kruizinga A, van Duijn G, Houben G . Concentrations of undeclared allergens in food products can reach levels that are relevant for public health. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2009; 27(2):169-74. DOI: 10.1080/19440040903317513. View

20.

Houben G, Blom M, Alvito P, Assuncao R, Crevel R, Faeste C . Defining the targets for the assessment of IgE-mediated allergenicity of new or modified food proteins. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019; 127:61-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.036. View