Camelid-derived Single-chain Antibodies in Hemostasis: Mechanistic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Applications

Overview

Journal Res Pract Thromb Haemost

Publisher Elsevier

Date 2020 Nov 2

PMID 33134775

Citations 9

Authors

Ivan Peyron

Claire Kizlik-Masson

Marie-Daniela Dubois

Senade Atsou

Stephen Ferriere

Cecile V Denis

Peter J Lenting

Caterina Casari

Olivier D Christophe

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Hemostasis is a complex process involving the concerted action of molecular and vascular components. Its basic understanding as well as diagnostic and therapeutic aspects have greatly benefited from the use of monoclonal antibodies. Interestingly, camelid-derived single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), also known as VH or nanobodies, have become available during the previous 2 decades as alternative tools in this regard. Compared to classic antibodies, sdAbs are easier to produce and their small size facilitates their engineering and functionalization. It is not surprising, therefore, that sdAbs are increasingly used in hemostasis-related research. In addition, they have the capacity to recognize unique epitopes unavailable to full monoclonal antibodies. This property can be used to develop novel diagnostic tests identifying conformational variants of hemostatic proteins. Examples include sdAbs that bind active but not globular von Willebrand factor or free factor VIIa but not tissue factor-bound factor VIIa. Finally, sdAbs have a high therapeutic potential, exemplified by caplacizumab, a homodimeric sdAb targeting von Willebrand factor that is approved for the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In this review, the various applications of sdAbs in thrombosis and hemostasis-related research, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies will be discussed.

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