Cartilaginous Fish Class II Genes Reveal Unprecedented Old Allelic Lineages and Confirm the Late Evolutionary Emergence of DM

Overview

Journal Mol Immunol

Specialties Allergy & Immunology
Molecular Biology

Date 2020 Oct 30

PMID 33126081

Citations 5

Authors

Tereza Almeida

Arnaud Gaigher

Antonio Munoz-Merida

Fabiana Neves

L Filipe C Castro

Martin F Flajnik

Yuko Ohta

Pedro J Esteves

Ana Verissimo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cartilaginous fish (chimaeras, rays and sharks) are the most basal extant jawed vertebrates with an adaptive immune system based on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Despite being a key taxon in the evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity, no comprehensive characterization of MHC class II genes has been undertaken for the group. We performed extensive bioinformatic searches on a taxonomically diverse dataset of transcriptomes and genomes of cartilaginous fish targeting MHC class II sequences. Class IIα and IIβ sequences were retrieved from all taxa analyzed and showed typical features of classical class II genes. Phylogenetic trees of the immunoglobulin superfamily domain showed two divergent and remarkably ancient lineages of class II genes in Selachians (sharks), originating >350 million years ago. Close linkage of lineage-specific pairs of IIα and IIβ genes was found, confirming previous results, with genes from distinct lineages segregating as alleles. Nonclassical class II DM sequences were not retrieved from these data and classical class II sequences lacked the conserved residues shown to interact with DM molecules, supporting claims that the DM system arose only in the lobe-finned fish lineage leading to tetrapods. Based on our search methods, other divergent class II genes are unlikely in cartilaginous fish.

Citing Articles

An Ancestral Major Histocompatibility Complex Organization in Cartilaginous Fish: Reconstructing MHC Origin and Evolution.

Verissimo A, Castro L, Munoz-Merida A, Almeida T, Gaigher A, Neves F Mol Biol Evol. 2023; 40(12).

PMID: 38059517 PMC: 10751288. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad262.

Extensive MHC class IIβ diversity across multiple loci in the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula).

Gaigher A, Rota A, Neves F, Munoz-Merida A, Blasco-Arostegui J, Almeida T Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):3837.

PMID: 36882519 PMC: 9992475. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30876-6.

Some thoughts about what non-mammalian jawed vertebrates are telling us about antigen processing and peptide loading of MHC molecules.

Martin R, Kaufman J Curr Opin Immunol. 2022; 77:102218.

PMID: 35687979 PMC: 9586880. DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102218.

Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms.

Kataoka C, Kashiwada S Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(15).

PMID: 34361068 PMC: 8347160. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158305.

A Highly Complex, MHC-Linked, 350 Million-Year-Old Shark Nonclassical Class I Lineage.

Almeida T, Ohta Y, Gaigher A, Munoz-Merida A, Neves F, Castro L J Immunol. 2021; 207(3):824-836.

PMID: 34301841 PMC: 8454915. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000851.

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