Update of P2X Receptor Properties and Their Pharmacology: IUPHAR Review 30

Overview

Journal Br J Pharmacol

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Pharmacology

Date 2020 Oct 30

PMID 33125712

Citations 138

Authors

Peter Illes

Christa E Muller

Kenneth A Jacobson

Thomas Grutter

Annette Nicke

Samuel J Fountain

Charles Kennedy

Gunther Schmalzing

Michael F Jarvis

Stanko S Stojilkovic

Brian F King

Francesco Di Virgilio

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The known seven mammalian receptor subunits (P2X1-7) form cationic channels gated by ATP. Three subunits compose a receptor channel. Each subunit is a polypeptide consisting of two transmembrane regions (TM1 and TM2), intracellular N- and C-termini, and a bulky extracellular loop. Crystallization allowed the identification of the 3D structure and gating cycle of P2X receptors. The agonist-binding pocket is located at the intersection of two neighbouring subunits. In addition to the mammalian P2X receptors, their primitive ligand-gated counterparts with little structural similarity have also been cloned. Selective agonists for P2X receptor subtypes are not available, but medicinal chemistry supplied a range of subtype-selective antagonists, as well as positive and negative allosteric modulators. Knockout mice and selective antagonists helped to identify pathological functions due to defective P2X receptors, such as male infertility (P2X1), hearing loss (P2X2), pain/cough (P2X3), neuropathic pain (P2X4), inflammatory bone loss (P2X5), and faulty immune reactions (P2X7).

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