The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Regulation of Immune Homeostasis in Sepsis-Mediated Lung Inflammation

Overview

Journal Diagnostics (Basel)

Specialty Radiology

Date 2020 Oct 15

PMID 33053762

Citations 8

Authors

Yuichi Akama

Naoko Satoh-Takayama

Eiji Kawamoto

Atsushi Ito

Arong Gaowa

Eun Jeong Park

Hiroshi Imai

Motomu Shimaoka

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Septic shock/severe sepsis is a deregulated host immune system response to infection that leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Lung inflammation as a form of acute lung injury (ALI) is often induced in septic shock. Whereas macrophages and neutrophils have been implicated as the principal immune cells regulating lung inflammation, group two innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have recently been identified as a new player regulating immune homeostasis. ILC2 is one of the three major ILC subsets (ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s) comprised of newly identified innate immune cells. These cells are characterized by their ability to rapidly produce type 2 cytokines. ILC2s are predominant resident ILCs and, thereby, have the ability to respond to signals from damaged tissues. ILC2s regulate the immune response, and ILC2-derived type 2 cytokines may exert protective roles against sepsis-induced lung injury. This focused review not only provides readers with new insights into the signaling mechanisms by which ILC2s modulate sepsis-induced lung inflammation, but also proposes ILC2 as a novel therapeutic target for sepsis-induced ALI.

Citing Articles

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Integrating bulk and single-cell sequencing reveals the phenotype-associated cell subpopulations in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Wang F, Chen M, Ma J, Wang C, Wang J, Xia H Front Immunol. 2022; 13:981784.

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