Detection of PreQ0 Deazaguanine Modifications in Bacteriophage CAjan DNA Using Nanopore Sequencing Reveals Same Hypermodification at Two Distinct DNA Motifs

Overview

Journal Nucleic Acids Res

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2020 Sep 17

PMID 32941607

Citations 16

Authors

Witold Kot

Nikoline S Olsen

Tue K Nielsen

Geoffrey Hutinet

Valerie de Crecy-Lagard

Liang Cui

Peter C Dedon

Alexander B Carstens

Sylvain Moineau

Manal A Swairjo

Lars H Hansen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In the constant evolutionary battle against mobile genetic elements (MGEs), bacteria have developed several defense mechanisms, some of which target the incoming, foreign nucleic acids e.g. restriction-modification (R-M) or CRISPR-Cas systems. Some of these MGEs, including bacteriophages, have in turn evolved different strategies to evade these hurdles. It was recently shown that the siphophage CAjan and 180 other viruses use 7-deazaguanine modifications in their DNA to evade bacterial R-M systems. Among others, phage CAjan genome contains a gene coding for a DNA-modifying homolog of a tRNA-deazapurine modification enzyme, together with four 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine synthesis genes. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tool combined with the Nanopore Sequencing (ONT) we showed that the 7-deazaguanine modification in the CAjan genome is dependent on phage-encoded genes. The modification is also site-specific and is found mainly in two separate DNA sequence contexts: GA and GGC. Homology modeling of the modifying enzyme DpdA provides insight into its probable DNA binding surface and general mode of DNA recognition.

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