Reply to Wolf Et Al.: Why Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) Is Not an Ethical Solution for Stray Cat Management

Overview

Journal Animals (Basel)

Date 2020 Sep 3

PMID 32872227

Citations 5

Authors

John L Read

Chris R Dickman

Wayne S J Boardman

Christopher A Lepczyk

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We critique the recent article by Wolf et al. (2019) that claims scientific merit for reducing the number of stray cats in Australia through Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs, and then we provide an inventory of biological, welfare, and economic reasons why TNR is less successful than adoption and euthanasia for managing unowned cats. Like Crawford et al. (2019) and multiple other comprehensive and unbiased Australian and international scientific reviews, we refute the idea that returning neutered unowned cats to stray populations has any valid role in responsible, ethical, affordable, and effective cat management, or in wildlife conservation. The main purported objective of TNR proponents along with animal welfare, human health, and wildlife advocacy stakeholders is to reduce the number of unhomed cats. We contend that cessation of provisioning unowned cats with food is the most effective approach to achieve this objective. We also present evidence from the Brisbane City Council that informed cat management policy, advocacy, and laws, backed up by responsible rehoming or prompt ethical euthanasia, are together effective at reducing the stray cat problem.

Citing Articles

Four Years of Promising Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) in Córdoba, Spain: A Scalable Model for Urban Feline Management.

Luzardo O, Vara-Rascon M, Dufau A, Infante E, Travieso-Aja M Animals (Basel). 2025; 15(4).

PMID: 40002964 PMC: 11851652. DOI: 10.3390/ani15040482.

The Wildcat That Lives in Me: A Review on Free-Roaming Cats () in Brazil, Focusing on Research Priorities, Management, and Their Impacts on Cat Welfare.

Goncalves L, de Souza Machado D, Cacador M, Ferreira G, Dickman C, Ceballos M Animals (Basel). 2025; 15(2).

PMID: 39858190 PMC: 11759153. DOI: 10.3390/ani15020190.

Public Attitudes towards and Management Strategies for Community Cats in Urban China.

Gu X, Wu D, Zhang Z, Peng G, Ni A, Wang B Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(16).

PMID: 39199835 PMC: 11350748. DOI: 10.3390/ani14162301.

Solutions-Based Approach to Urban Cat Management-Case Studies of a One Welfare Approach to Urban Cat Management.

Crawford C, Rand J, Rohlf V, Scotney R, Bennett P Animals (Basel). 2023; 13(21).

PMID: 37958178 PMC: 10648193. DOI: 10.3390/ani13213423.

Intensive Adoption as a Management Strategy for Unowned, Urban Cats: A Case Study of 25 Years of Trap-Assess-Resolve (TAR) in Auckland, New Zealand.

Calver M, Crawford H, Scarff F, Bradley J, Dormon P, Boston S Animals (Basel). 2022; 12(17).

PMID: 36078020 PMC: 9454951. DOI: 10.3390/ani12172301.

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