Advances in Saponin Diversity of

Overview

Journal Molecules

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biology

Date 2020 Aug 6

PMID 32751233

Citations 40

Authors

Xiangmin Piao

Hao Zhang

Jong Pyo Kang

Dong Uk Yang

Yali Li

Shifeng Pang

Yinping Jin

Deok Chun Yang

Yingping Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of , which have pharmacological effects. Although there are several reviews in regards to ginsenosides, new ginsenosides have been detected continually in recent years. This review updates the ginsenoside list from to 170 by the end of 2019, and aims to highlight the diversity of ginsenosides in multiple dimensions, including chemical structure, tissue spatial distribution, time, and isomeride. Protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and C17 side-chain varied (C17SCV) manners are the major types of ginsenosides, and the constitute of ginsenosides varied significantly among different parts. Only 16 ginsenosides commonly exist in all parts of a ginseng plant. Protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside is dominant in root, rhizome, leaf, stem, and fruit, whereas malonyl- and C17SCV-type ginsenosides occupy a greater proportion in the flower and flower bud compared with other parts. In respects of isomeride, there are 69 molecular formulas corresponding to 170 ginsenosides, and the median of isomers is 2. This is the first review on diversity of ginsenosides, providing information for reasonable utilization of whole ginseng plant, and the perspective on studying the physiological functions of ginsenoside for the ginseng plant itself is also proposed.

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