Omega-3 Phospholipids from Krill Oil Enhance Intestinal Fatty Acid Oxidation More Effectively Than Omega-3 Triacylglycerols in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

Overview

Journal Nutrients

Date 2020 Jul 15

PMID 32660007

Citations 15

Authors

Petra Kroupova

Evert M van Schothorst

Jaap Keijer

Annelies Bunschoten

Martin Vodicka

Ilaria Irodenko

Marina Oseeva

Petr Zacek

Jan Kopecky

Martin Rossmeisl

Olga Horakova

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Antisteatotic effects of omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-3) in obese rodents seem to vary depending on the lipid form of their administration. Whether these effects could reflect changes in intestinal metabolism is unknown. Here, we compare Omega-3-containing phospholipids (krill oil; ω3PL-H) and triacylglycerols (ω3TG) in terms of their effects on morphology, gene expression and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the small intestine. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 8 weeks with a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with 30 mg/g diet of ω3TG or ω3PL-H. Omega-3 index, reflecting the bioavailability of Omega-3, reached 12.5% and 7.5% in the ω3PL-H and ω3TG groups, respectively. Compared to HFD mice, ω3PL-H but not ω3TG animals had lower body weight gain (-40%), mesenteric adipose tissue (-43%), and hepatic lipid content (-64%). The highest number and expression level of regulated intestinal genes was observed in ω3PL-H mice. The expression of FA ω-oxidation genes was enhanced in both Omega-3-supplemented groups, but gene expression within the FA β-oxidation pathway and functional palmitate oxidation in the proximal ileum was significantly increased only in ω3PL-H mice. In conclusion, enhanced intestinal FA oxidation could contribute to the strong antisteatotic effects of Omega-3 when administered as phospholipids to dietary obese mice.

Citing Articles

Comparison of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids bioavailability in fish oil and krill oil: Network Meta-analyses.

Pham T, Hoang T, Cao P, Le T, Ho V, Vu T Food Chem X. 2025; 24:101880.

PMID: 39974718 PMC: 11838114. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101880.

Krill oil supplementation promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in cultured human skeletal muscle cells.

Katare P, Dalmao-Fernandez A, Mengeste A, Navabakbar F, Hamarsland H, Ellefsen S Front Nutr. 2024; 11:1452768.

PMID: 39555189 PMC: 11565515. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1452768.

EPA and DHA Enhance CACT Promoter Activity by GABP/NRF2.

Stanca E, Spedicato F, Giudetti A, Giannotti L, Di Chiara Stanca B, Damiano F Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(16).

PMID: 39201781 PMC: 11354350. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169095.

Influence of Lipid Class Used for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Liver Fat Accumulation in MASLD.

Sabinari I, Horakova O, Cajka T, Kleinova V, Wieckowski M, Rossmeisl M Physiol Res. 2024; 73(Suppl 1):S295-S320.

PMID: 39016154 PMC: 11412347. DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935396.

Omega-3 PUFAs prevent bone impairment and bone marrow adiposity in mouse model of obesity.

Benova A, Ferencakova M, Bardova K, Funda J, Prochazka J, Spoutil F Commun Biol. 2023; 6(1):1043.

PMID: 37833362 PMC: 10575870. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05407-8.

References

Harris W, von Schacky C . The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?. Prev Med. 2004; 39(1):212-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.030. View

Vigerust N, Bjorndal B, Bohov P, Brattelid T, Svardal A, Berge R . Krill oil versus fish oil in modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism in mice transgenic for TNF-α. Eur J Nutr. 2012; 52(4):1315-25. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0441-2. View

Burri L, Berge K, Wibrand K, Berge R, Barger J . Differential effects of krill oil and fish oil on the hepatic transcriptome in mice. Front Genet. 2012; 2:45. PMC: 3268598. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00045. View

Adamcova K, Horakova O, Bardova K, Janovska P, Brezinova M, Kuda O . Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Mar Drugs. 2018; 16(12). PMC: 6316446. DOI: 10.3390/md16120515. View

Flachs P, Horakova O, Brauner P, Rossmeisl M, Pecina P, Franssen-van Hal N . Polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin upregulate mitochondrial biogenesis and induce beta-oxidation in white fat. Diabetologia. 2005; 48(11):2365-75. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1944-7. View

Puchalska P, Crawford P . Multi-dimensional Roles of Ketone Bodies in Fuel Metabolism, Signaling, and Therapeutics. Cell Metab. 2017; 25(2):262-284. PMC: 5313038. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.022. View

Hague A, Singh B, Paraskeva C . Butyrate acts as a survival factor for colonic epithelial cells: further fuel for the in vivo versus in vitro debate. Gastroenterology. 1997; 112(3):1036-40. DOI: 10.1053/gast.1997.v112.agast971036. View

Montoudis A, Seidman E, Boudreau F, Beaulieu J, Menard D, Elchebly M . Intestinal fatty acid binding protein regulates mitochondrion beta-oxidation and cholesterol uptake. J Lipid Res. 2008; 49(5):961-72. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M700363-JLR200. View

Hu Y, Hu F, Manson J . Marine Omega-3 Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 13 Randomized Controlled Trials Involving 127 477 Participants. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019; 8(19):e013543. PMC: 6806028. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013543. View

10.

Madsen L, Rustan A, Vaagenes H, Berge K, Dyroy E, Berge R . Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid affect mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in relation to substrate preference. Lipids. 1999; 34(9):951-63. DOI: 10.1007/s11745-999-0445-x. View

11.

Jelenik T, Rossmeisl M, Kuda O, Macek Jilkova Z, Medrikova D, Kus V . AMP-activated protein kinase α2 subunit is required for the preservation of hepatic insulin sensitivity by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Diabetes. 2010; 59(11):2737-46. PMC: 2963531. DOI: 10.2337/db09-1716. View

12.

de Wit N, Bosch-Vermeulen H, de Groot P, Hooiveld G, Bromhaar M, Jansen J . The role of the small intestine in the development of dietary fat-induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice. BMC Med Genomics. 2008; 1:14. PMC: 2396659. DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-1-14. View

13.

Yang J, Fernandez-Galilea M, Martinez-Fernandez L, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Perez-Chavez A, Martinez J . Oxidative Stress and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients. 2019; 11(4). PMC: 6521137. DOI: 10.3390/nu11040872. View

14.

Oseeva M, Paluchova V, Zacek P, Janovska P, Mracek T, Rossmeisl M . Omega-3 index in the Czech Republic: No difference between urban and rural populations. Chem Phys Lipids. 2019; 220:23-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.02.006. View

15.

Batetta B, Griinari M, Carta G, Murru E, Ligresti A, Cordeddu L . Endocannabinoids may mediate the ability of (n-3) fatty acids to reduce ectopic fat and inflammatory mediators in obese Zucker rats. J Nutr. 2009; 139(8):1495-501. DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.104844. View

16.

Belzung F, Raclot T, GROSCOLAS R . Fish oil n-3 fatty acids selectively limit the hypertrophy of abdominal fat depots in growing rats fed high-fat diets. Am J Physiol. 1993; 264(6 Pt 2):R1111-8. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.6.R1111. View

17.

Schuchardt J, Schneider I, Meyer H, Neubronner J, von Schacky C, Hahn A . Incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma phospholipids in response to different omega-3 fatty acid formulations--a comparative bioavailability study of fish oil vs. krill oil. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 10:145. PMC: 3168413. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-145. View

18.

Navarrete J, Vasquez B, Del Sol M . Morphoquantitative analysis of the Ileum of C57BL/6 mice (Mus musculus) fed with a high-fat diet. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2016; 8(11):14649-57. PMC: 4713574. View

19.

Sun D, Zhang L, Chen H, Feng R, Cao P, Liu Y . Effects of Antarctic krill oil on lipid and glucose metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed with high fat diet. Lipids Health Dis. 2017; 16(1):218. PMC: 5697064. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0601-8. View

20.

Watson H, Mitra S, Croden F, Taylor M, Wood H, Perry S . A randomised trial of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements on the human intestinal microbiota. Gut. 2017; 67(11):1974-1983. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314968. View