Mycobacterial Virulence Factors: Surface-Exposed Lipids and Secreted Proteins

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2020 Jun 6

PMID 32498243

Citations 15

Authors

Angel Ly

Jun Liu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The clinically important () and related mycobacterial pathogens use various virulence mechanisms to survive and cause disease in their hosts. Several well-established virulence factors include the surface-exposed lipids in the mycobacterial outer membrane, as well as the Esx family proteins and the Pro-Glu (PE)/ Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) family proteins secreted by type VII secretion systems (T7SS). Five ESX T7SS exist in and three-EsxA secretion system-1 (ESX-1), ESX-3, and ESX-5-have been implicated in virulence, yet only the structures of ESX-3 and ESX-5 have been solved to date. Here, we summarize the current research on three outer membrane lipids-phthiocerol dimycocerosates, phenolic glycolipids, and sulfolipids-as well as the secretion machinery and substrates of three mycobacterial T7SS-ESX-1, ESX-3, and ESX-5. We propose a structural model of the ESX-1 system based on the latest structural findings of the ESX-3 and ESX-5 secretion apparatuses to gain insight into the transport mechanism of ESX-associated virulence factors.

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