Emerging Nano- and Micro-Technologies Used in the Treatment of Type-1 Diabetes

Overview

Journal Nanomaterials (Basel)

Date 2020 Apr 25

PMID 32325974

Citations 13

Authors

Rosita Primavera

Bhavesh D Kevadiya

Ganesh Swaminathan

Rudilyn Joyce Wilson

Angelo De Pascale

Paolo Decuzzi

Avnesh S Thakor

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Type-1 diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to a failure of insulin secretion from beta cells within pancreatic islets. Current treatment strategies consist of multiple, daily injections of insulin or transplantation of either the whole pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets. While there are different forms of insulin with tunable pharmacokinetics (fast, intermediate, and long-acting), improper dosing continues to be a major limitation often leading to complications resulting from hyper- or hypo-glycemia. Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems, consisting of a glucose sensor connected to an insulin infusion pump, have improved dosing but they still suffer from inaccurate feedback, biofouling and poor patient compliance. Islet transplantation is a promising strategy but requires multiple donors per patient and post-transplantation islet survival is impaired by inflammation and suboptimal revascularization. This review discusses how nano- and micro-technologies, as well as tissue engineering approaches, can overcome many of these challenges and help contribute to an artificial pancreas-like system.

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