Atomic-resolution Imaging of Rutile TiO(110)-(1 × 2) Reconstructed Surface by Non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy

Overview

Journal Beilstein J Nanotechnol

Specialty Biotechnology

Date 2020 Mar 28

PMID 32215231

Authors

Daiki Katsube

Shoki Ojima

Eiichi Inami

Masayuki Abe

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The structure of the rutile TiO(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface is a phase induced by oxygen reduction. There is ongoing debate about the (1 × 2) reconstruction, because it cannot be clarified whether the (1 × 2) structure is formed over a wide area or only locally using macroscopic analysis methods such as diffraction. We used non-contact atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction at room temperature to characterize the surface. TiO rows appeared as bright spots in both NC-AFM and STM images observed in the same area. High-resolution NC-AFM images revealed that the rutile TiO(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface is composed of two domains with different types of asymmetric rows.

References

DIEBOLD , Anderson , Ng , Vanderbilt . Evidence for the Tunneling Site on Transition-Metal Oxides: TiO2(110). Phys Rev Lett. 1996; 77(7):1322-1325. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.1322. View

Pieper H, Venkataramani K, Torbrugge S, Bahr S, Lauritsen J, Besenbacher F . Unravelling the atomic structure of cross-linked (1 × 2) TiO2(110). Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010; 12(39):12436-41. DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00160k. View

Katsube D, Yamashita H, Abo S, Abe M . Combined pulsed laser deposition and non-contact atomic force microscopy system for studies of insulator metal oxide thin films. Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2018; 9:686-692. PMC: 5827635. DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.63. View

Sweetman A, Jarvis S, Danza R, Moriarty P . Effect of the tip state during qPlus noncontact atomic force microscopy of Si(100) at 5 K: Probing the probe. Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2012; 3:25-32. PMC: 3304327. DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.3. View

Chang T, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa R, Toyoura K, Matsunaga K, Ikuhara Y . Direct imaging of Pt single atoms adsorbed on TiO2 (110) surfaces. Nano Lett. 2013; 14(1):134-8. DOI: 10.1021/nl403520c. View

Shibata N, Goto A, Choi S, Mizoguchi T, Findlay S, Yamamoto T . Direct imaging of reconstructed atoms on TiO2 (110) surfaces. Science. 2008; 322(5901):570-3. DOI: 10.1126/science.1165044. View

Ramamoorthy , Vanderbilt . First-principles calculations of the energetics of stoichiometric TiO2 surfaces. Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1994; 49(23):16721-16727. DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.16721. View

Mochizuki I, Ariga H, Fukaya Y, Wada K, Maekawa M, Kawasuso A . Structure determination of the rutile-TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) surface using total-reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD). Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2016; 18(10):7085-92. DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07892j. View

Wang Q, Oganov A, Zhu Q, Zhou X . New reconstructions of the (110) surface of rutile TiO2 predicted by an evolutionary method. Phys Rev Lett. 2015; 113(26):266101. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.266101. View

10.

Hameeuw K, Cantele G, Ninno D, Trani F, Iadonisi G . The rutile TiO2 (110) surface: obtaining converged structural properties from first-principles calculations. J Chem Phys. 2006; 124(2):024708. DOI: 10.1063/1.2136158. View

11.

Minato T, Sainoo Y, Kim Y, Kato H, Aika K, Kawai M . The electronic structure of oxygen atom vacancy and hydroxyl impurity defects on titanium dioxide (110) surface. J Chem Phys. 2009; 130(12):124502. DOI: 10.1063/1.3082408. View

12.

Yurtsever A, Sugimoto Y, Abe M, Morita S . NC-AFM imaging of the TiO(2)(110)-(1 x 1) surface at low temperature. Nanotechnology. 2010; 21(16):165702. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/16/165702. View