A Need to Raise the Bar - A Systematic Review of Temporal Trends in Diagnostics for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection, and Perspectives for Future Research

Overview

Journal Int J Infect Dis

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2020 Mar 25

PMID 32205287

Citations 7

Authors

Tehmina Bharucha

Freya M Shearer

Manivanh Vongsouvath

Mayfong Mayxay

Xavier de Lamballerie

Paul N Newton

Nicole Zitzmann

Ernest Gould

Audrey Dubot-Peres

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: Japanese encephalitis virus infection (JE) remains a leading cause of neurological disease in Asia, mainly involving individuals living in remote areas with limited access to treatment centers and diagnostic facilities. Laboratory confirmation is fundamental for the justification and implementation of vaccination programs. We reviewed the literature on historical developments and current diagnostic capability worldwide, to identify knowledge gaps and instill urgency to address them.

Methods: Searches were performed in Web of Science and PubMed using the term 'Japanese encephalitis' up to 13th October 2019. Studies reporting laboratory-confirmed symptomatic JE cases in humans were included, and data on details of diagnostic tests were extracted. A JE case was classified according to confirmatory levels (Fischer et al., 2008; Campbell et al., 2011; Pearce et al., 2018; Heffelfinger et al., 2017), where level 1 represented the highest level of confidence.

Findings: 20,212 published JE cases were identified from 205 studies. 15,167 (75%) of these positive cases were confirmed with the lowest-confidence diagnostic tests (level 3 or 4, or level 4). Only 109 (53%) of the studies reported contemporaneous testing for dengue-specific antibodies.

Conclusion: A fundamental pre-requisite for the control of JEV is lacking - that of a simple and specific diagnostic procedure that can be adapted for point-of-care tests and readily used throughout JE-endemic regions of the world.

Citing Articles

A CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Diagnostic Method for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotypes I, III, and V.

Kwak N, Park B, Song Y Biosensors (Basel). 2023; 13(8).

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Deep Proteomics Network and Machine Learning Analysis of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection.

Bharucha T, Gangadharan B, Kumar A, Myall A, Ayhan N, Pastorino B J Proteome Res. 2023; 22(6):1614-1629.

PMID: 37219084 PMC: 10246887. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00563.

Estimates of Japanese Encephalitis mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and modeling analysis.

Cheng Y, Tran Minh N, Minh Q, Khandelwal S, Clapham H PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022; 16(5):e0010361.

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Immunoglobulin M seroneutralization for improved confirmation of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in a flavivirus-endemic area.

Bharucha T, Ayhan N, Pastorino B, Rattanavong S, Vongsouvath M, Mayxay M Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2022; 116(11):1032-1042.

PMID: 35593182 PMC: 9623734. DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac036.

Mouse models of Japanese encephalitis virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis using a meta-regression approach.

Bharucha T, Cleary B, Farmiloe A, Sutton E, Hayati H, Kirkwood P PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022; 16(2):e0010116.

PMID: 35143497 PMC: 8865681. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010116.

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