Pathogenic Mechanisms and the Potential of Drug Therapies for Aortic Aneurysm

Overview

Journal Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

Publisher American Physiological Society

Specialties Cardiology & Vascular Diseases
Physiology

Date 2020 Feb 22

PMID 32083977

Citations 29

Authors

Bo Liu

David J Granville

Jonathan Golledge

Zamaneh Kassiri

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aortic aneurysm is a permanent focal dilation of the aorta. It is usually an asymptomatic disease but can lead to sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysm-related mortalities are estimated at ∼200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Because no pharmacological treatment has been found to be effective so far, surgical repair remains the only treatment for aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm results from changes in the aortic wall structure due to loss of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix and can form in different regions of the aorta. Research over the past decade has identified novel contributors to aneurysm formation and progression. The present review provides an overview of cellular and noncellular factors as well as enzymes that process extracellular matrix and regulate cellular functions (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, granzymes, and cathepsins) in the context of aneurysm pathogenesis. An update of clinical trials focusing on therapeutic strategies to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and efforts underway to develop effective pharmacological treatments is also provided.

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