Epigenetic Reprogramming and Chromatin Accessibility in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas: a Neural Developmental Disease

Overview

Journal Neuro Oncol

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialties Neurology
Oncology

Date 2020 Feb 21

PMID 32078691

Citations 14

Authors

Flor M Mendez

Felipe J Nunez

Maria B Garcia-Fabiani

Santiago Haase

Stephen Carney

Jessica C Gauss

Oren J Becher

Pedro R Lowenstein

Maria G Castro

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare but deadly pediatric brainstem tumor. To date, there is no effective therapy for DIPG. Transcriptomic analyses have revealed DIPGs have a distinct profile from other pediatric high-grade gliomas occurring in the cerebral hemispheres. These unique genomic characteristics coupled with the younger median age group suggest that DIPG has a developmental origin. The most frequent mutation in DIPG is a lysine to methionine (K27M) mutation that occurs on H3F3A and HIST1H3B/C, genes encoding histone variants. The K27M mutation disrupts methylation by polycomb repressive complex 2 on histone H3 at lysine 27, leading to global hypomethylation. Histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation is an important developmental regulator controlling gene expression. This review discusses the developmental and epigenetic mechanisms driving disease progression in DIPG, as well as the profound therapeutic implications of epigenetic programming.

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