Abnormal X Chromosome Inactivation and Tumor Development

Overview

Journal Cell Mol Life Sci

Publisher Springer

Specialty Biology

Date 2020 Feb 11

PMID 32040694

Citations 30

Authors

Dan Wang

Le Tang

Yingfen Wu

Chunmei Fan

Shanshan Zhang

Bo Xiang

Ming Zhou

Xiaoling Li

Yong Li

Guiyuan Li

Wei Xiong

Zhaoyang Zeng

Can Guo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

During embryonic development, one of the two X chromosomes of a mammalian female cell is randomly inactivated by the X chromosome inactivation mechanism, which is mainly dependent on the regulation of the non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript at the X chromosome inactivation center. There are three proteins that are essential for X-inactive specific transcript to function properly: scaffold attachment factor-A, lamin B receptor, and SMRT- and HDAC-associated repressor protein. In addition, the absence of X-inactive specific transcript expression promotes tumor development. During the process of chromosome inactivation, some tumor suppressor genes escape inactivation of the X chromosome and thereby continue to play a role in tumor suppression. A well-functioning tumor suppressor gene on the idle X chromosome in women is one of the reasons they have a lower propensity to develop cancer than men, women thereby benefit from this enhanced tumor suppression. This review will explore the mechanism of X chromosome inactivation, discuss the relationship between X chromosome inactivation and tumorigenesis, and consider the consequent sex differences in cancer.

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