Fermented (Noni) Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice Through Modulating Immune Balance and Skin Barrier Function

Overview

Journal Nutrients

Date 2020 Jan 23

PMID 31963703

Citations 25

Authors

Sung Ho Kim

Geum Su Seong

Se Young Choung

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

, a fruit generally known as "Noni", has been traditionally used in parts of East Asia to relieve inflammatory diseases. Although several studies using noni have been reported, the effect of fermented (F.NONI) on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been investigated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the improving effect of F.NONI treatment on AD-like skin lesions and elucidate molecular mechanisms. F.NONI was prepared by the fermentation of noni fruit with probiotics and then extracted. F.NONI was orally administrated to NC/Nga mice to evaluate its therapeutic effect on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD. Oral administration of F.NONI significantly alleviated AD lesions and symptoms such as dermatitis scores, ear thickness, scratching behavior, epidermal thickness, and infiltration of inflammatory cells (e.g., mast cells and eosinophils). In addition, F.NONI treatment reduced the levels of histamine, IgE and IgG1/IgG2a ratio, thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in serum and beneficially modulated the expressions of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22-mediated cytokines in lesioned skin and splenocytes. Furthermore, the expressions of the skin barrier-related proteins including filaggrin (FLG), loricrin (LOR), involucrin (IVL), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and occludin (OCC) were restored by F.NONI treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that F.NONI could be a therapeutic agent to attenuate AD-like skin lesions through modulating the immune balance and skin barrier function.

Citing Articles

Extracellular vesicles of SLAM216 ameliorate skin symptoms of atopic dermatitis by regulating gut microbiome on serotonin metabolism.

Choi H, Kwak M, Choi Y, Kang A, Mun D, Eor J Gut Microbes. 2025; 17(1):2474256.

PMID: 40028723 PMC: 11881872. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2474256.

Allergy Inhibition Using Naturally Occurring Compounds Targeting Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Pathways: a Comprehensive Review.

Vinh L, Lee K, Han Y, Kim Y, Kim S, Shah A Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2025; 33(2):249-267.

PMID: 39933953 PMC: 11893497. DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2024.177.

Exploration of the mechanism of Lithospermum erythrorhizon oil in treating atopic dermatitis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation of the PI3K-Akt pathway regulation.

Hu W, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Shi J, Li Z, Jiang X Heliyon. 2025; 11(2):e41707.

PMID: 39906865 PMC: 11791135. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41707.

Fermented Against Atopic Dermatitis Through AKT/mTOR and Jun Pathways.

Chen F, Liu J, Yu X, Jia H, Yang C, Zhao B Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025; 18(1).

PMID: 39861084 PMC: 11768159. DOI: 10.3390/ph18010020.

Improvement of Late-Onset Hypogonadism Symptoms of Fermented Extract in TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli Cells.

Kwon H, Lee H, Choi J, Lim S, Kim T, Bae K Nutrients. 2024; 16(23).

PMID: 39683553 PMC: 11644623. DOI: 10.3390/nu16234159.

References

Stott B, Lavender P, Lehmann S, Pennino D, Durham S, Schmidt-Weber C . Human IL-31 is induced by IL-4 and promotes TH2-driven inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 132(2):446-54.e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.050. View

Kinghorn A, Chai H, Sung C, Keller W . The classical drug discovery approach to defining bioactive constituents of botanicals. Fitoterapia. 2010; 82(1):71-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.08.015. View

Yin J, Yoon S, Ahn H, Lee M . Inhibitory Activity of Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin in BALB/c Mouse through Oral Administration of Fermented Barks of Alnus sibirica. Molecules. 2018; 23(2). PMC: 6017565. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020450. View

McClatchey W . From Polynesian healers to health food stores: changing perspectives of Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae). Integr Cancer Ther. 2003; 1(2):110-20. DOI: 10.1177/1534735402001002002. View

Gruber R, Elias P, Crumrine D, Lin T, Brandner J, Hachem J . Filaggrin genotype in ichthyosis vulgaris predicts abnormalities in epidermal structure and function. Am J Pathol. 2011; 178(5):2252-63. PMC: 3081164. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.053. View

Benedetto A, Kubo A, Beck L . Skin barrier disruption: a requirement for allergen sensitization?. J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132(3 Pt 2):949-63. PMC: 3279586. DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.435. View

Noda S, Krueger J, Guttman-Yassky E . The translational revolution and use of biologics in patients with inflammatory skin diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 135(2):324-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.015. View

Cimanga K, Hermans N, Apers S, Van Miert S, Van den Heuvel H, Claeys M . Complement-inhibiting iridoids from Morinda morindoides. J Nat Prod. 2003; 66(1):97-102. DOI: 10.1021/np020215h. View

Biedermann T, Skabytska Y, Kaesler S, Volz T . Regulation of T Cell Immunity in Atopic Dermatitis by Microbes: The Yin and Yang of Cutaneous Inflammation. Front Immunol. 2015; 6:353. PMC: 4500098. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00353. View

10.

Shershakova N, Baraboshkina E, Andreev S, Purgina D, Struchkova I, Kamyshnikov O . Anti-inflammatory effect of fullerene C60 in a mice model of atopic dermatitis. J Nanobiotechnology. 2016; 14:8. PMC: 4727272. DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0159-z. View

11.

Waljee A, Rogers M, Lin P, Singal A, Stein J, Marks R . Short term use of oral corticosteroids and related harms among adults in the United States: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2017; 357:j1415. PMC: 6284230. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j1415. View

12.

Leung D, Boguniewicz M, Howell M, Nomura I, Hamid Q . New insights into atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest. 2004; 113(5):651-7. PMC: 351324. DOI: 10.1172/JCI21060. View

13.

Park H, Li Z, Yang X, Chang S, Nurieva R, Wang Y . A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17. Nat Immunol. 2005; 6(11):1133-41. PMC: 1618871. DOI: 10.1038/ni1261. View

14.

Egawa G, Kabashima K . Multifactorial skin barrier deficiency and atopic dermatitis: Essential topics to prevent the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 138(2):350-358.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.002. View

15.

Parasuraman S, Raveendran R, Kesavan R . Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2011; 1(2):87-93. PMC: 3043327. DOI: 10.4103/0976-500X.72350. View

16.

Takano N, Arai I, Kurachi M . Analysis of the spontaneous scratching behavior by NC/Nga mice: a possible approach to evaluate antipruritics for subjects with atopic dermatitis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003; 471(3):223-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01828-4. View

17.

Michalak-Stoma A, Pietrzak A, Szepietowski J, Zalewska-Janowska A, Paszkowski T, Chodorowska G . Cytokine network in psoriasis revisited. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2012; 22(4):160-8. DOI: 10.1684/ecn.2011.0294. View

18.

Novak N, Bieber T . The role of dendritic cell subtypes in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 53(2 Suppl 2):S171-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.04.060. View

19.

Thaci D, Simpson E, Beck L, Bieber T, Blauvelt A, Papp K . Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled by topical treatments: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b trial. Lancet. 2015; 387(10013):40-52. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00388-8. View

20.

Feld M, Garcia R, Buddenkotte J, Katayama S, Lewis K, Muirhead G . The pruritus- and TH2-associated cytokine IL-31 promotes growth of sensory nerves. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 138(2):500-508.e24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.020. View