Article: Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Microarc Oxidation-Coated Biomedical Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy in the Silicon-Phosphorus-Mixed Electrolyte

Microarc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared on the surface of the biomedical Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy in a phosphate electrolyte with varying concentrations of NaSiO. The morphology, cross section, chemical composition, and corrosion resistance of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical polarization tests (EI), and in vitro immersion experiments. The addition of NaSiO is performed to increase the thickness and compactness of the coating. When the Si/P atomic ratio is approximately equal to 1 (1.5 g/L NaSiO), the best corrosion resistance is achieved, while excessive addition may lead to coating defects such as voids and microcracks, resulting in decreased corrosion resistance. The competitive relationship between PO and SiO anions in the silicon-phosphorus microarc oxidation-mixed electrolyte is discussed. In this study, it was first proposed that, when MgSiO and Mg (PO) phase contents were approximately the same, the synergistic improvement effect on coating corrosion resistance was the most effective.

Citing Articles

Advancements in nanohydroxyapatite: synthesis, biomedical applications and composite developments.

Zhao R, Meng X, Pan Z, Li Y, Qian H, Zhu X Regen Biomater. 2025; 12:rbae129.

PMID: 39776858 PMC: 11703556. DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae129.

Progress of laser surface treatment on magnesium alloy.

Zhang S, Jiang J, Zou X, Liu N, Wang H, Yang L Front Chem. 2022; 10:999630.

PMID: 36212058 PMC: 9538561. DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.999630.

Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants.

Nazira Sarian M, Iqbal N, Sotoudehbagha P, Razavi M, Ahmed Q, Sukotjo C Bioact Mater. 2022; 12:42-63.

PMID: 35087962 PMC: 8777287. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.034.

Microstructure and Corrosion Characterization of a MgO/Hydroxyapatite Bilayer Coating by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coupled with Flame Spraying on a Mg Alloy.

Mardali M, Salimijazi H, Karimzadeh F, Blawert C, Luthringer-Feyerabend B, Fazel M ACS Omega. 2020; 5(38):24186-24194.

PMID: 33015434 PMC: 7528172. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01574.

References

1.

Chen J, Zhang Y, Ibrahim M, Etim I, Tan L, Yang K . In vitro degradation and antibacterial property of a copper-containing micro-arc oxidation coating on Mg-2Zn-1Gd-0.5Zr alloy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019; 179:77-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.023. View

2.

Kunjukunju S, Roy A, Ramanathan M, Lee B, Candiello J, Kumta P . A layer-by-layer approach to natural polymer-derived bioactive coatings on magnesium alloys. Acta Biomater. 2013; 9(10):8690-703. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.013. View

3.

Pan Y, He S, Wang D, Huang D, Zheng T, Wang S . In vitro degradation and electrochemical corrosion evaluations of microarc oxidized pure Mg, Mg-Ca and Mg-Ca-Zn alloys for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2014; 47:85-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.048. View

4.

Wang Y, Li X, Chen M, Zhao Y, You C, Li Y . In Vitro and in Vivo Degradation Behavior and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Microarc Oxidation-Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite-Coated Mg-Zn-Zr-Sr Alloy for Bone Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021; 5(6):2858-2876. DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00564. View

5.

Ishizaki T, Shimada Y, Tsunakawa M, Lee H, Yokomizo T, Hisada S . Rapid Fabrication of a Crystalline Myristic Acid-Based Superhydrophobic Film with Corrosion Resistance on Magnesium Alloys by the Facile One-Step Immersion Process. ACS Omega. 2019; 2(11):7904-7915. PMC: 6644936. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01256. View

6.

Du J, Zhang A, Guo Z, Yang M, Li M, Xiong S . Atomistic Determination of Anisotropic Surface Energy-Associated Growth Patterns of Magnesium Alloy Dendrites. ACS Omega. 2019; 2(12):8803-8809. PMC: 6645556. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01174. View

7.

Zhang X, Zu H, Zhao D, Yang K, Tian S, Yu X . Ion channel functional protein kinase TRPM7 regulates Mg ions to promote the osteoinduction of human osteoblast via PI3K pathway: In vitro simulation of the bone-repairing effect of Mg-based alloy implant. Acta Biomater. 2017; 63:369-382. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.051. View

8.

Li L, Cui L, Zeng R, Li S, Chen X, Zheng Y . Advances in functionalized polymer coatings on biodegradable magnesium alloys - A review. Acta Biomater. 2018; 79:23-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.030. View

9.

Li Z, Gu X, Lou S, Zheng Y . The development of binary Mg-Ca alloys for use as biodegradable materials within bone. Biomaterials. 2008; 29(10):1329-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.021. View

10.

Elin R . Magnesium: the fifth but forgotten electrolyte. Am J Clin Pathol. 1994; 102(5):616-22. DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/102.5.616. View

11.

Wong H, Yeung K, Lam K, Tam V, Chu P, Luk K . A biodegradable polymer-based coating to control the performance of magnesium alloy orthopaedic implants. Biomaterials. 2009; 31(8):2084-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.111. View