Comparison of Serum Level of Some Trace Elements and Vitamin D Between Patients with Premenstrual Syndrome and Normal Controls: A Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Journal Int J Reprod Biomed

Specialty Reproductive Medicine

Date 2019 Oct 25

PMID 31646259

Citations 3

Authors

Mahnoosh Fatemi

Maryam Allahdadian

Mehrnoosh Bahadorani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem among women and is identified by reversal emotional, psychological, and physical signs during the luteal phase. These signs, however, lower down in the follicular phase. The cause of PMS isn't very well-known up to nowControl group and many researchers have suggested that mineral compounds and vitamins can inhibit these symptoms.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between normal controls and patients with PMS.

Materials And Methods: 300 female students (19-21 yr old) from Falavarjan County were randomly selected and asked to complete a standard questionnaire on PMS during three menstruation cycles. The students were divided into two groups: healthy persons (control) and PMS persons, and PMS was determined on the basis of the answers to the questionnaire. Thereafter, the serum concentrations of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and Vitamin D3 were measured and compared between the two groups.

Results: Our results showed that the PMS prevalence was about 41.5%. The level of vitamin D decreased in both the control and PMS groups, with a significantly lower range of vitamin D (p ≤ 0.05) in the PMS group. Other factors had no significant change between the two groups.

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was probably one of the most important causes of unpleasant symptoms of PMS between these students.

Citing Articles

Efficacy and Safety of Ganyushu Granule in Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome with Gan (Liver) Depression and Qi Stagnation Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Phase-II Clinical Trial.

Teng X, Xu L, Lin J, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Sun Y Chin J Integr Med. 2024; 30(9):771-779.

PMID: 38907069 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3755-z.

Is Premenstrual Syndrome Associated with Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status? A Systematic Review of Case-Control and Cross-Sectional Studies.

Granda D, Szmidt M, Kaluza J Antioxidants (Basel). 2021; 10(4).

PMID: 33919885 PMC: 8070917. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040604.

Beneficial Role of Calcium in Premenstrual Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Current Literature.

Arab A, Rafie N, Askari G, Taghiabadi M Int J Prev Med. 2020; 11:156.

PMID: 33312465 PMC: 7716601. DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_243_19.

References

Obeidat B, Alchalabi H, Abdul-Razzak K, Al-Farras M . Premenstrual symptoms in dysmenorrheic college students: prevalence and relation to vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012; 9(11):4210-22. PMC: 3524623. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9114210. View

Dasgupta S, Dutta J, Annamaneni S, Kudugunti N, Battini M . Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome among Indian women. Indian J Med Res. 2015; 142(3):276-85. PMC: 4669862. DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.166587. View

Glocke M, Lang F, Schaeffeler E, Lang T, Schwab M, Lang U . Impact of vitamin D receptor VDR rs2228570 polymorphism in oldest old. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013; 37(4-5):311-22. DOI: 10.1159/000350159. View

Dadkhah H, Ebrahimi E, Fathizadeh N . Evaluating the effects of vitamin D and vitamin E supplement on premenstrual syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016; 21(2):159-64. PMC: 4815371. DOI: 10.4103/1735-9066.178237. View

A D, K S, A D, Sattar K . Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8(2):106-9. PMC: 3972521. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8024.4021. View

Ahmadi S, Mirzaei K, Hossein-Nezhad A, Shariati G . Vitamin D receptor FokI genotype may modify the susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorder by regulation of dopamine D1 receptor gene expression. Minerva Med. 2012; 103(5):383-91. View

Hariri F, Moghaddam-Banaem L, Siah Bazi S, Malehi A, Montazeri A . The Iranian version of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST): a validation study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013; 16(6):531-7. DOI: 10.1007/s00737-013-0375-6. View

Mira M, Stewart P, Abraham S . Vitamin and trace element status in premenstrual syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988; 47(4):636-41. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/47.4.636. View

Qiao M, Zhang H, Liu H, Luo S, Wang T, Zhang J . Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a population-based sample in China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012; 162(1):83-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.017. View

10.

Yilmaz S, Gul T, Attar R, Yildirim G, Isbir T . Association between polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene with uterine leiomyoma in Turkish populations. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2018; 19(3):128-131. PMC: 6085526. DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.2018.0002. View

11.

Rajaei S, Akbari Sene A, Norouzi S, Berangi Y, Arabian S, Lak P . The relationship between serum vitamin D level and premenstrual syndrome in Iranian women. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2016; 14(10):665-668. PMC: 5124330. View

12.

Stoner R, Camilleri V, Calleja-Agius J, Schembri-Wismayer P . The cytokine-hormone axis - the link between premenstrual syndrome and postpartum depression. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017; 33(8):588-592. DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1318367. View

13.

Fathizadeh S, Amani R, Hossein Haghighizadeh M, Hormozi R . Comparison of serum zinc concentrations and body antioxidant status between young women with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2016; 14(11):699-704. PMC: 5153575. View

14.

Lovick T, Guapo V, Anselmo-Franci J, Loureiro C, Faleiros M, Del Ben C . A specific profile of luteal phase progesterone is associated with the development of premenstrual symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016; 75:83-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.024. View

15.

Groves N, McGrath J, Burne T . Vitamin D as a neurosteroid affecting the developing and adult brain. Annu Rev Nutr. 2014; 34:117-41. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105557. View

16.

Bertone-Johnson E, Ronnenberg A, Houghton S, Nobles C, Zagarins S, Takashima-Uebelhoer B . Association of inflammation markers with menstrual symptom severity and premenstrual syndrome in young women. Hum Reprod. 2014; 29(9):1987-94. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu170. View

17.

Saeedian Kia A, Amani R, Cheraghian B . The Association between the Risk of Premenstrual Syndrome and Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Status among University Students: A Case Control Study. Health Promot Perspect. 2015; 5(3):225-30. PMC: 4667262. DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2015.027. View

18.

Khajehei M, Abdali K, Parsanezhad M, Tabatabaee H . Effect of treatment with dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D on the severity of premenstrual syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009; 105(2):158-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.01.016. View

19.

Chocano-Bedoya P, Manson J, Hankinson S, Johnson S, Chasan-Taber L, Ronnenberg A . Intake of selected minerals and risk of premenstrual syndrome. Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 177(10):1118-27. PMC: 3649635. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws363. View

20.

Shamberger R . Calcium, magnesium, and other elements in the red blood cells and hair of normals and patients with premenstrual syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003; 94(2):123-9. DOI: 10.1385/BTER:94:2:123. View