Understanding the Patient Population and Test Utilization for Hepatitis B Virus Testing

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global concern with different epidemiologies due to several factors including migration, vaccination policies, and new antiviral treatment regimens. It is important to understand the characteristics of a patient population, including the prevalence of diseases, and to assess test utilization to understand and evaluate the clinical performance of laboratory tests and to improve the quality of clinical laboratories.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we evaluated serologic and virologic laboratory tests including hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B envelope antibody, and HBV DNA in Korean adults who were exposed to HBV.

Results: During the 1-year study period, we obtained 22 750 specimens from 17 523 adult Korean patients (>18.0 years; 9894 males and 7629 females) with a median age of 50.1 years (interquartile range, 42.2-58.2 years). Among them, five serologic and virologic laboratory tests were performed for 1340 (5.9%) specimens from 1172 adult Korean patients (>18.0 years; 647 males and 525 females) with a median age of 46.8 years (range, 19.0-84.5 years). The prevalence of serologic and virologic tests indicating several clinical situations was evaluated. The correlation coefficient between HBV DNA and HBeAg was ρ = 0.85 (P < .0001). However, 51.9% (695/1340) of samples did not show agreement between the two test results.

Conclusions: Analysis of the prevalence of patients categorized into five serologic and virologic laboratory results would be helpful to expand our knowledge about patient population characteristics and to improve test utilization.