Possible Roles of Monocytes/macrophages in Response to Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Infections in Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus)

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2019 Sep 7

PMID 31491031

Citations 14

Authors

Saralee Srivorakul

Thunyamas Guntawang

Varankpicha Kochagul

Kornravee Photichai

Tidaratt Sittisak

Thittaya Janyamethakul

Khajohnpat Boonprasert

Siripat Khammesri

Warangkhana Langkaphin

Veerasak Punyapornwithaya

Phongsakorn Chuammitri

Chatchote Thitaram

Kidsadagon Pringproa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is the primary cause of acute, highly fatal, hemorrhagic diseases in young Asian elephants. Although monocytopenia is frequently observed in EEHV-HD cases, the role monocytes play in EEHV-disease pathogenesis is unknown. This study seeks to explain the responses of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of EEHV-HD. Samples of blood, frozen tissues, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from EEHV1A-HD, EEHV4-HD, co-infected EEHV1A and 4-HD, and EEHV-negative calves were analyzed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the persistent EEHV4-infected and EEHV-negative calves were also studied. The results showed increased infiltration of Iba-1-positive macrophages in the inflamed tissues of the internal organs of elephant calves with EEHV-HD. In addition, cellular apoptosis also increased in the tissues of elephants with EEHV-HD, especially in the PBMCs, compared to the EEHV-negative control. In the PBMCs of persistent EEHV4-infected elephants, cytokine mRNA expression was high, particularly up-regulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Moreover, viral particles were observed in the cytoplasm of the persistent EEHV4-infected elephant monocytes. Our study demonstrated for the first time that apoptosis of the PBMCs increased in cases of EEHV-HD. Furthermore, this study showed that monocytes may serve as a vehicle for viral dissemination during EEHV infection in Asian elephants.

Citing Articles

Phagocytic Function and Flow Cytometric Phenotype of Asian Elephant Monocytes.

Johns J, Baumgartner T, Sanchez C, Dolan B Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(16).

PMID: 39199831 PMC: 11350674. DOI: 10.3390/ani14162297.

Characterizations of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Type 1A and 4 Co-Infections in Asian Elephant () Calves.

Boonprasert K, Srivorakul S, Monchaivanakit N, Langkaphin W, Sripiboon S, Janyamethakul T Vet Sci. 2024; 11(4).

PMID: 38668415 PMC: 11055005. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040147.

Direct detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 (EEHV1) DNA in heparinized plasma by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

Takehana K, Matsuno K J Vet Med Sci. 2023; 85(4):459-462.

PMID: 36792210 PMC: 10139786. DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0578.

Development of Nonstructural Protein-Based Indirect ELISA to Identify Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Infection in Asian Elephants ().

Guntawang T, Sittisak T, Tankaew P, Thitaram C, Langkapin V, Angkawanish T Animals (Basel). 2022; 12(14).

PMID: 35883294 PMC: 9312089. DOI: 10.3390/ani12141747.

Effects of between and within Herd Moves on Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Recrudescence and Shedding in Captive Asian Elephants ().

Titus S, Patterson S, Prince-Wright J, Dastjerdi A, Molenaar F Viruses. 2022; 14(2).

PMID: 35215824 PMC: 8877707. DOI: 10.3390/v14020229.

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