Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: Understanding the Molecular Impact

Overview

Journal Brain Res

Specialty Neurology

Date 2019 May 27

PMID 31129153

Citations 39

Authors

Carlos A Toro

Larry Zhang

Jiqing Cao

Dongming Cai

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents with cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbance. Approximately 5.5 million people in the United States live with AD, most of whom are over the age of 65 with two-thirds being woman. There have been major advancements over the last decade or so in the understanding of AD neuropathological changes and genetic involvement. However, studies of sex impact in AD have not been adequately integrated into the investigation of disease development and progression. It becomes indispensable to acknowledge in both basic science and clinical research studies the importance of understanding sex-specific differences in AD pathophysiology and pathogenesis, which could guide future effort in the discovery of novel targets for AD. Here, we review the latest and most relevant literature on this topic, highlighting the importance of understanding sex dimorphism from a molecular perspective and its association to clinical trial design and development in AD research field.

Citing Articles

Causal association of sex hormone-related traits with Alzheimer's disease: a multivariable and network Mendelian randomization analysis.

Zhang Y, Sun Z, Yang Y, Fu W Front Neurol. 2025; 16:1391182.

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The Abnormal ERα-miRNA Cross-Talk in AD-Affected Human Hippocampus: A Bioinformatics Perspective.

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Sex differences in the neuroinflammatory signaling pathway: effect of miRNAs on fatty acid synthesis in microglia.

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Assessment of heart rate deceleration capacity, heart rate deceleration runs, heart rate acceleration capacity, and lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2 as predictors in individuals with dementia.

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Sex-specific mechanisms of cerebral microvascular BK dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Silva J, Polk F, Martin P, Thai S, Savu A, Gonzales M Alzheimers Dement. 2024; 21(2):e14438.

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