Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation; however, its incidence and outcome in patients transplanted for multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. We evaluated the incidence, severity, and risk factors for AKI within the first 30 days after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for MM. We prospectively followed 185 consecutive patients with MM, without chronic renal replacement therapy, who underwent ASCT; 12.5% of patients had MM-associated amyloidosis. AKI occurred in 19 (10.3%) patients, 8 ± 3 days after ASCT, with 18 patients (9.7%) stage 1 and one patient (0.6%) stage 2 AKI. The development of AKI was not associated with reduced overall survival and recovery of kidney function was evident in 68.4% of patients at 3 months. In Cox regression analysis, preexisting-chronic kidney disease (HR 7.01, CI 95% 2.04-24.09; P = 0.002), serum beta2 microglobulin (HR 3.05, CI 95% 1.10-8.44; P = 0.03), and mucositis grade 3/4 (HR 1.29, CI 95% 1.08-1.53; P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for AKI. Our results suggest that AKI occurs with low incidence and reduced severity after ASCT for MM. Prophylactic measures in patients with preexisting-kidney failure may further reduce this risk.